sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585231198754 – Supplemental material for Validation of the International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585231198754 for Validation of the International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria by Ki Hoon Kim, Su-Hyun Kim, Na Young Park, Jae-Won Hyun and Ho Jin Kim in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p

Patient enrollment.

<p>104 participants of 296 eligible patients were included in the study analysis.</p

Characteristics and peri-operative findings in participants.

<p>Characteristics and peri-operative findings in participants.</p

Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses for factors associated with postoperative delirium.

<p>Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses for factors associated with postoperative delirium.</p

Comparison of Parkinson’s disease-related NMSs between subjects with and without post-operative delirium measured by each instrument.

<p>Comparison of Parkinson’s disease-related NMSs between subjects with and without post-operative delirium measured by each instrument.</p

Differential impact of white matter hyperintensities on long-term outcomes in ischemic stroke patients with large artery atherosclerosis

<div><p>Background</p><p>The presence of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is related to poor long-term outcomes in stroke patients. However, the long-term outcome is unknown in patients with both large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and WMH.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We investigated the impact of WMH on long-term outcome in patients with LAA. Consecutive patients in a prospective stroke registry were included. Patients were followed for a median of 7.7 years (interquartile range, 5.6–9.7). The degree of WMH was assessed by Fazekas grade on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Total WMH burden was calculated by summation of Fazekas scores in periventricular and deep white matter. Severe WMH was defined as total burden score ≥ 3.</p><p>Results</p><p>Among 2529 patients, 639 patients (25.3%) were classified with the LAA subtype. After applying exclusion criteria, the data from 538 patients were analyzed. The mean patient age was 65.7 ± 10.3 years. Severe WMHs were found in 243 patients (45.2%). During follow-up, 200 patients (37.2%) died. Cox regression analysis showed that LAA patients with severe WMH had a 1.50-fold (95% CI, 1.12–2.00, p = 0.007) higher death rate compared to those without. In the older age group (≥65 years), Cox regression revealed that patients with severe WMH had a 1.75-fold (95% CI, 1.15–2.65, p = 0.008) higher 5-year death rate, whereas the younger age group did not have this association.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The degree of WMH might be a surrogate marker for long-term outcome in patients with LAA. Atherosclerotic burdens in both small and large arteries might impact long-term prognosis in ischemic stroke patients.</p></div

Univariable and multivariable analyses for poor outcome at 3 months (mRS 3–6).

<p>Univariable and multivariable analyses for poor outcome at 3 months (mRS 3–6).</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curve according to the presence of severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH).

<p>Univariable Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) patients with severe WMH showed (A) higher mortality (p<0.001) and (B) higher cardiovascular death rate (p = 0.003) than patients with no or mild WMH.</p

Cox regression analysis of 5-year mortality in the older age group.

<p>Cox regression analysis of 5-year mortality in the older age group.</p

Cumulative (A) all cause and (B) cardiovascular death rate according to the presence of severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH).

<p>An asterisk indicates p <0.05; two asterisks indicates p <0.001.</p