Different Occupant Modeling Approaches for Building Energy Prediction

AbstractBuilding simulation tools have been developed to represent physical phenomena, but discrepancies between actual and modeled phenomena still persist. Various sources of the gap have been identified such as physical uncertainties, limitations of tools, subjective assumptions, simplification of the model, etc. One source of these discrepancies, which is non-negligible, is the non-static behavior of building occupants. Two approaches have recently emerged for occupant modeling: stochastic approach and agent approach. The two approaches account for what has not been considered in the deterministic approach. Particularly, this paper introduces a new concept, random walk approach. This paper explores three approaches with experimental evidences and literature review. The paper reports that the occupant modeling must be carefully selected based on the characteristics of occupancy pattern

Automatic classification using concept knowledge of web documents

In order to classify web documents, we suggest a method using concept knowledge of category.In our study, the concept relations between keywords are extracted using hyperlink information and after the extracted keywords are classified into each category, these are used as an index.Then TFIDF for each category is extended to determine index weight value.The system is constructed for experimenting and estimating,which is consist of web robot, indexer, concept knowledge database for each category and the document classifier.Our system to be applied the extended TFIDF method shows an accuracy of 88% in automatic classifying of web documents

Charge-spin correlation in van der Waals antiferromagenet NiPS3

Strong charge-spin coupling is found in a layered transition-metal trichalcogenide NiPS3, a van derWaals antiferromagnet, from our study of the electronic structure using several experimental and theoretical tools: spectroscopic ellipsometry, x-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy, and density-functional calculations. NiPS3 displays an anomalous shift in the optical spectral weight at the magnetic ordering temperature, reflecting a strong coupling between the electronic and magnetic structures. X-ray absorption, photoemission and optical spectra support a self-doped ground state in NiPS3. Our work demonstrates that layered transition-metal trichalcogenide magnets are a useful candidate for the study of correlated-electron physics in two-dimensional magnetic material.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figur

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Sirolimus- Versus Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Patients With Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease Analysis of the MAIN-COMPARE (Revascularization for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty Versus Surgical Revascularization) Registry

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes after implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) or paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) among patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease.BackgroundThere have been few comparisons of long-term outcomes among currently available drug-eluting stents (DES) for the treatment of LMCA disease.MethodsA total of 858 consecutive patients with unprotected LMCA stenosis were treated with SES (n = 669) or PES (n = 189) between May 2003 and June 2006. Primary outcome was the composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization (TVR).ResultsBaseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. During 3 years of follow-up, the adjusted risk of primary composite outcome was similar among the groups (SES vs. PES: 25.8% vs. 25.7%, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64 to 1.41, p = 0.79). The 2 groups also showed a comparable adjusted rate of each component of outcome: death (9.1% vs. 11.0%, HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.80, p = 0.82), MI (8.1% vs. 8.0%, HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.43 to 1.48, p = 0.47), and TVR (12.1% vs. 10.6%, HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.53 to 2.29, p = 0.81). The 3-year rates of definite or probable stent thrombosis were 0.6% in the SES group and 1.6% in the PES group (adjusted p = 0.18).ConclusionsIn consecutive patients with unprotected LMCA disease undergoing DES implantation, SES and PES showed similar long-term clinical outcomes in terms of death, MI, repeat revascularization, and stent thrombosis

Stent Thrombosis, Clinical Events, and Influence of Prolonged Clopidogrel Use After Placement of Drug-Eluting Stent Data From an Observational Cohort Study of Drug-Eluting Versus Bare-Metal Stents

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of stent thrombosis (ST), clinical outcomes, and the benefits of extended clopidogrel use after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.BackgroundData are limited regarding uniform evaluation of ST and the influence of clopidogrel continuation beyond 12 months on late events after DES treatment.MethodsWe identified 7,221 patients who received DES implantation (n = 3,160) or bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation (n = 4,061), and compared long-term adverse outcomes. Additionally, 2,851 patients with DES surviving 12 months without major events were analyzed according to clopidogrel continuation.ResultsThe adjusted-risk of overall ST was similar in the 2 groups. After 1 year, however, DES patients showed a higher risk of ST; definite/probable (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26 to 9.99). The adjusted-risk of death (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.79), death/myocardial infarction (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.81), and target lesion revascularization (HR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.43) were significantly lower in the DES group than in the BMS group. Continuing clopidogrel beyond 12 months was not associated with a reduced risk for ST (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.07 to 4.23), death (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.55 to 2.66), or death/myocardial infarction (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.56 to 2.42) after DES implantation.ConclusionsAs compared with BMS, DES showed a similar risk of overall ST, but a higher risk of very late ST. The rates of death, death/myocardial infarction, and target lesion revasuclarization were significantly lower in the DES group. Clopidogrel continuation beyond 1 year did not appear to reduce ST and clinical events after DES implantation

Problems in Survivors of Biliary Atresia -5 or More Year After surgery-

Hepatic porto-enterostomy or Kasai's original Roux-en Y portojejunostomy was done on 56 patients during the 1980-1985 period. Seventeen patients or 30 per cent had survived more than 5 years at the end of 1990, and are presently being followed up. Average survival age is 7.5 years after surgery. No survivor has clinical or laboratory jaundice. Esophageal varices were demonstrated in 8 patients (47%), and 4 had bleeding episodes. Five patients or 29 per cent had more than one episode of hospitalization for cholangitis. Growth was above 75 per centile in height in 53 per cent. Nine patients(53%) have normal liver function, showed neither varix and nor ascites. Good prognostic factors for 5 year survival were an operative age of 60 days or less, mild fibrosis of the liver, and a big fibrotic mass at the porta hepatis at the time of surgery

Neonatal Surgical Emergencies At Seoul National University Hospital: Comparison Between the Pre- and Post-Children's Hospital Period

Results of management of the neonatal surgical emergencies were analyzed and compared between 460 infants treated during the 1979-85 period (prechildrens hospital) and 471 infants treated during the 1986-92 period (post-childrens hospital). No statistical difference was noted in patients population, and average mortality rate in the pediatric surgical department which has already been functioning as an independent unit since 1978. Other surgical departments have experienced 2-3 fold increases in number of patients. Patient's age at admissionl delay in transfer} was not significantly improved. However, significant improvement in survival was noted in patients who required respiratory support such as gastroschisis, and esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal atresia. Changes in the general management plan are discussed

Defecation Patterns after Posterior SagittaI Anorectoplasty with an Objective Scoring System

Imperforate anus, the common name representing a wider spectrum of anorectal malformations in newborns is one of the major congenital lesions in pediatric surgery. Since the establishment of pediatric surgery in Seoul National University (1978), more than 500 cases of anorectal anomalies had been treated up to 1990. To evaluate the quality of life after corrective treatment, defecation patterns were studied using clinical Kelly scores in 90 patients with high type ano-rectal anomalies repaired during the 1978-1985 period. These 90 patients were treated by two surgical repair methods (26 Rehbein, 64 Pena). Not only the continence scores but also other aspects of social adaptation as well as an index of quality of life were compared with a control group. Although precise anatomical repair under direct view (Pena) will give a better defecation pattern compared to the blind type of abdomino-perineal repair, their long term adaptation is not significantly superior. This study showed that the function is not always the net result of anatomic repair. Thus, the importance of the initial corrective operation is again emphasized