Curative Effects of Triphala Extract against Swim Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcers via Reduced Ulcer Index, Strengthened Gastric Mucosa and Improved Redox State in Rats

Recently, the percentage of Peptic ulcer disease not linked to either Helicobacter pylori or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has increased and signifies the prominent role of psychophysiological stress in the establishment and advancements of gastric ulcers and other peptic ulcer diseases. The current study was intended not only to develop post-treatment swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease rat model but also to analyze the curative effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Triphala in swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease model. A post-treatment swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease rat model was developed followed by therapeutic intervention of hydro-alcoholic extract of Triphala. The gross evaluation of gastric tissues showed that swim stress induces significant gastric ulcers in rats that could clearly be observed after 21 d of self-healing. Further, the findings of our interventional investigations revealed that hydro-alcoholic extract of Triphala exerts significant gastro-protective activity in swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease via decreasing the ulcer index and increasing the protective gastric mucus content, whereas, the level/activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde were also ameliorated after the administration of Triphala extract in experimental peptic ulcer disease model. In addition, the findings from our biochemical investigations are also well corroborated by histopathological observations. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that swim-stress results in the development of gastric ulcers and damages the gastric mucosa along with the altered redox homeostasis in rats and Triphala extract exerts significant curative effects in posttreatment swim-stress-induced peptic ulcer disease rat model and may later be investigated and promoted for human clinical application

Protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ruta graveolens Linn. leaves on indomethacin and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer in rats

AbstractBackgroundThe search for an ideal and new antiulcer drug has been extended to herbals for novel molecules that decrease the incidence of relapse and afford better protection.ObjectiveThe present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ruta graveolens (RGE) Linn. leaves on indomethacin (IND) and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats.Materials and methodsThe rats of all the six groups were deprived of food for 24 h. Then, the first group received 1 ml/kg/day p.o. of 1% carboxymethylcellulose calcium (CMC), second group 1 ml/kg/day p.o. of 1% CMC and third group 20 mg/kg/day p.o. of IND. Fourth and fifth groups received RGE 200 and 400 mg/kg/day p.o., respectively; while the sixth group 10 mg/kg/day p.o. omeprazole. After 30 min, last three groups received 20 mg/kg/day p.o. of IND also. All these treatments after food deprivation were repeated each day for 5 consecutive days. Pylorus ligation was performed on 6th day in last five groups. After 4 h, stomach by sacrifice of the rats was examined for ulcer index (UI) and gastric mucus. Gastric juice was assessed for acidity, pH and pepsin; while gastric tissues were assessed for thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH).ResultsFifth group showed significant decrease in UI (10.33 ± 0.67), TBARS (0.33 ± 0.03 mmol/mg), free acidity (48.78 ± 5.12 meq/l/100 g), total acidity (99.33 ± 9.31 meq/l/100 g), and pepsin activity (8.47 ± 0.41 μg/ml) levels while it showed significant increase in mucus (412.4 ± 21.6 μg/g), GSH (57.9 ± 4.8 mmol/mg) and pH (3.32 ± 0.27) compared to third group. Percent protection in RGE 400 mg was found to be 63.32 compared to indomethacin.ConclusionRGE possesses antiulcerogenic activity as it exhibits protective effect on gastric ulcer in rats

A retrospective cross sectional study conducted in Veer Chandra Singh Garwali Government Medical Science And Research Institute, Srinagar to assess the prevalence of tobacco usage and awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco among the sample populat

Aim: Present study aimedto assess the prevalence of tobacco usage among the sample population and to find out the awareness of the participant on the harmful effects of tobacco products.Materials and method:A retrospective cross-sectional study regarding the prevalence of tobacco usage among the population visiting out patient department of dentistry at Veer Chandra Singh Garwali Government Medical Science And Research Institute Srinagar and Garhwal. A total of 480 subjects were tobacco user out of which 260 were males and 220 were females. They were divided into 4 age groups namely 15-30 years, 31-45 years and 46-60 years and 61-75 years . Data regarding the usage of tobacco and its harmful effects was collected from the subjects by giving a self designed questionnaire with both English & Hindi options.Results: The overall prevalence rate of tobacco usage was found to be 60%, males accounted for 65% and females accounted for 55%, the M:F ratio being 1.18 :1. Among the males the prevalence of using tobacco in the age group of 15-30 years is 46.15 %, 31-45 years is 28.8 %, 46-60 yrs is 17.3% & 61-75 years is 7.6%. Among the males maximum percentage of people using tobacco was seen in the age group of 15-30yrs followed 31-45yrs, 46-60yrs & 61-75 yrs.Conclusion: Srinagar is rural district of India most of the subjects were of lower middle and lower socioeconomic strata . Majority of population were unaware of the harmful effects of tobacco usage we have to conduct more tobacco eradication programmes , school and colleges school health programmes , street play n use of media to increase awareness among the population

Protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Salvia haematodes Wall root on cognitive functions in scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats

Diminished cholinergic transmission may be responsible for development of amnesia. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Salvia haematodes Wall root (HESH) on cognitive functions in scopolamine-induced amnesia in adult Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided randomly into five groups each consisting of five rats (n = 5). Rats of the groups I, II, III, IV, and V received orally normal saline (10 ml/kg b. wt.), normal saline (10 ml/kg), standard drug rivastigmine (1.5 mg/kg), HESH (20 mg/kg), and HESH (40 mg/kg), respectively once a day for fourteen days. Then, they were subjected to single dose of scopolamine (1 mg/kg b. wt. ip) except in group I on fourteenth day 60 min after respective normal saline or drug administration. They were observed for the effects on step down latency (SDL), locomotor activity and brain AChE activity for the learning and memory. The acquisition SDL, retention SDL and locomotor activity were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased while AChE activity was significantly (p < 0.01) increased in scopolamine-treated group II as compared to normal control group I. The acquisition SDL, retention SDL and locomotor activity were significantly (p < 0.01) increased while, AChE activity was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased with all the doses of HESH and in rivastigmine-treated group as compared to scopolamine-treated group II. Hydro-alcoholic extract of S haematodes root possesses protective effect on cognitive functions and may prove to be a useful memory restorative agent in the management of cognitive dysfunctions as in amnesia and Alzheimer's diseases

Pandemic in between waves: Epidemiological & clinical findings from a single COVID-19 screening centre of Madhya Pradesh, India

Aim - The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological &amp; clinical characteristics of patients attending covid-19 screening centre in-between the first &amp; second wave. The study period falls between receding first wave to beginning of second wave. Materials and method - The medical records and data from screening area of Government Medical Collage Datia, with confirmed Covid-19 cases, as reported between 1st October 2020 to 8th February 2021, were collected. Covid-19 symptoms were diagnosed on the basis of the WHO interim guidelines. A confirmed case of Covid-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time RAT assay of nasal swab. The RAT were performed by Standard Q Covid-19 Ag by SD BIOSENSOR. The procedure for collecting nasal swabs entails swabbing at least three times separately using a nylon-flocked swab. The entire procedure was in strict accordance with the standard protocol. Epidemiological data of all the patients with clinical findings and positivity rate was recorded in detail. Result - In our study, the total number of patients tested was 4427 of which 1987 were males &amp; 2440 were females. Out of 1987 male suspects, 211 tested positive whereas out of 2440 female suspects, 64 tested positive.&nbsp

Protective Effect of Ginger oil on Aspirin and Pylorus Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcer model in Rats

The present investigation was performed in aspirin and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model in Wistar rats, in which ability of ginger oil to provide gastric protection was studied at two different doses, 0.5 and 1 g/kg po. Gastric protection was evaluated by measuring the ulcer index, serum γ-GTP levels, total acidity of gastric juice and gastric wall mucus thickness. The results obtained in the present study indicated that ginger oil has a protective action against gastric ulcers induced by aspirin plus pylorus ligation in Wistar rats

Effect of <i>Nigella sativa</i> L<i>.</i> seed extract on cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying in Sprague-Dawley rats

<p>The aim of this study was focused on investigating the possible protective effect of <i>Nigella sativa</i> L. seed extract against cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying, in a rat model. Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five equal groups as follows: Group I or control group, Group II (cisplatin 10 mg/kg, i.p at day 5), Group III (<i>N. sativa</i> L. 250 mg/kg for 5 days + cisplatin 10 mg/kg, i.p on day 5), Group IV (<i>N. sativa</i> L<i>.</i> 500 mg/kg for 5 days + cisplatin 10 mg/kg, i.p on day 5) and Group V (ondansetron 3 mg/kg/day, per os + cisplatin 10 mg/kg, i.p on day 5). Phenol red meal was adopted to estimate gastric emptying in different groups of the rats. Gastric emptying was significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in <i>N. sativa</i> L. seed extract-pretreated rats (Group III and Group IV) when compared to cisplatin treatment alone (Group II). However, ondansetron produced significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) better reversal than <i>N. sativa</i> L. seed extract.</p