Unravelling Differential DNA Methylation Patterns in Genotype Dependent Manner under Salinity Stress Response in Chickpea

DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that govern gene regulation in response to abiotic stress in plants. Here, we analyzed the role of epigenetic variations by exploring global DNA methylation and integrating it with differential gene expression in response to salinity stress in tolerant and sensitive chickpea genotypes. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles showed higher CG methylation in the gene body regions and higher CHH methylation in the TE body regions. The analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) suggested more hyper-methylation in response to stress in the tolerant genotype compared to the sensitive genotype. We observed higher enrichment of CG DMRs in genes and CHH DMRs in transposable elements (TEs). A positive correlation of gene expression with CG gene body methylation was observed. The enrichment analysis of DMR-associated differentially expressed genes revealed they are involved in biological processes, such as lateral root development, transmembrane transporter activity, GTPase activity, and regulation of gene expression. Further, a high correlation of CG methylation with CHG and CHH methylation under salinity stress was revealed, suggesting crosstalk among the methylation contexts. Further, we observed small RNA-mediated CHH hypermethylation in TEs. Overall, the interplay between DNA methylation, small RNAs, and gene expression provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying salinity stress response in chickpeas

LEGAL ASPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate Change is one of the major challenges humanity is facing. It can fundamentally impact our reality, lifestyle and could question our existence as well. Adequate legal regulations are needed to address these challenges. Without legislative changes and their implementation, it will be impossible to solve the issues that humanity is facing. The paper describes major causes that lead to climate change and answers to the questions related to the ongoing and future legal regulation

Replantation of an avulsed tooth with an extended extra oral period

In this study, we have reported a case of the replantation of a maxillary incisor with an extended extraoral period following a traumatic avulsion. After storage in normal saline, the root surface of the avulsed tooth was conditioned with citric acid and treated with a triple antibiotic solution. The tooth socket was filled with Emdogain before replantation. A 12 month, 18 month and a 5 year follow-up clinical examination revealed the patient to be asymptomatic, and the tooth was functional. The recall radiograph showed no evidence of renewed periradicular breakdown and apical root resorption

Luminescent behavior of cadmium sulfide quantum dots for gallic acid estimation

Thioglycolic acid capped cadmium sulfide (CdS/T) quantum dots have been synthesized using wet chemistry and their optical behavior has been investigated using UV–visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The role of the capping agent, sulfide source concentration, pH and temperature has been studied and discussed. Studies showed that alkaline pH leads to a decrease in the size of quantum dots and reflux temperature above 70 °C resulted in red-shift of emission spectra which is due to narrowing of the bandgap. Further, to reduce the toxicity and photochemical instability of quantum dots, the quantum dots have been functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which resulted in a 20% enhancement of the fluorescence intensity. The application potential of CdS/T-PEG quantum dots was further studied using gallic acid as a model compound. The sensing is based on fluorescence quenching of quantum dots in the presence of gallic acid, and this study showed linearity in the range from 1.3 × 10−8 to 46.5 × 10−8 mM, with a detection limit of 3.6 × 10−8 mM

sj-docx-1-jpc-10.1177_21501319231199014 – Supplemental material for The Use of Telemedicine to Improve Hypertension in an Urban Primary Care Clinic and Predictors of Improved Blood Pressure

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jpc-10.1177_21501319231199014 for The Use of Telemedicine to Improve Hypertension in an Urban Primary Care Clinic and Predictors of Improved Blood Pressure by Ajay Kerai, Namratha Meda, Khushboo Agarwal, Mohil Garg, Brototo Deb, Pooja Singh, Puneet Singla, Tareq Arar, Godwin Darko and Nnenna Oluigbo in Journal of Primary Care & Community Health</p

A Combined Gene Signature of Hypoxia and Notch Pathway in Human Glioblastoma and Its Prognostic Relevance

<div><p>Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). Its synergism with Notch signaling promotes progression in different cancers. However, Notch signaling exhibits pleiotropic roles and the existing literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of its perturbations under hypoxia in GBM with respect to all components of the pathway. We identified the key molecular cluster(s) characteristic of the Notch pathway response in hypoxic GBM tumors and gliomaspheres. Expression of Notch and hypoxia genes was evaluated in primary human GBM tissues by q-PCR. Clustering and statistical analyses were applied to identify the combination of hypoxia markers correlated with upregulated Notch pathway components. We found well-segregated tumor—clusters representing high and low HIF-1α/PGK1-expressors which accounted for differential expression of Notch signaling genes. In combination, a five-hypoxia marker set (HIF-1α/PGK1/VEGF/CA9/OPN) was determined as the best predictor for induction of Notch1/Dll1/Hes1/Hes6/Hey1/Hey2. Similar Notch-axis genes were activated in gliomaspheres, but not monolayer cultures, under moderate/severe hypoxia (2%/0.2% O₂). Preliminary evidence suggested inverse correlation between patient survival and increased expression of constituents of the hypoxia-Notch gene signature. Together, our findings delineated the Notch-axis maximally associated with hypoxia in resected GBM, which might be prognostically relevant. Its upregulation in hypoxia-exposed gliomaspheres signify them as a better <i>in-vitro</i> model for studying hypoxia-Notch interactions than monolayer cultures.</p></div

Survival analysis of GBM patients in relation to expression of the components of hypoxia-Notch gene signature.

<p>Kaplan-Meier plots showing comparison of survival of GBM patients (n = 21) segregated as high and low expressors of HIF-1α, OPN and Hes1, individually as well as in combination. The p-value indicates the significance of the difference in survival between the two groups of GBM samples. The fold expression thresholds that were used to draw the plots were: HIF-1α = 1.5; OPN = 5.0; Hes1 = 1.5 and HIF-1α/OPN/Hes1 = 8.0.</p