The Prevalence of Adhd in Primary School Students in Tehran

Background:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a developmental disorder involving inappropriate poor attention span or age-inappropriate features of hyperactivity and impulsivity and/or both.Methods:In order to assess the prevalence of children with ADHD in Tehran,a sample of 2667 children including both boys & girls aged between 7-12 years were selected by a 2-stage method sampling among a grid of sectors of 19 different educational areas by stratified random sampling.We tested the rate of ADHD in the considered children based on two questionnaires of Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales (CPRS and CTRS) and semi-structured interviews.Results:According to the recent studies,it is possible to describe the rate of ADHD prevalence based on the CPRS and CTRS questionnaires and semistructured interview among the primary school children in Tehran (aged between 7- 12 years of age) with a range of 3%to 6%.Conclusion:These mentioned findings are somewhat similar to the announced statistics of the American Psychiatric Association (APA)(2003)

Alterations in sexual drive during pregnancy in women referring to hospitals affiliated to Shaheed Beheshti Medical University

BackgroundWith respect to physical and emotional alterations in pregnancy, alterations in sexual drive are of concern in sexual health of this period. 4 patterns of gestational sexual drive are suggested: 1. Increased drive; 2. Decreased drive in the 1st trimester, moderate increase in the 2nd, and decrease in the 3rd trimesters; 3. Deceased sexual drive in pregnancy; and 4. Lack o drive.  Purpose This descriptive study was conducted to identify changes in sexual drive of women referring to hospitals affiliated with Shaheed Beheshti Medical University in 2006. Methods400 women referring to prenatal clinics were selected by quota sampling for each hospital and simple random method in each setting. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Content validity and test-retest reliability were used for the tool. An expert with the Master of Science in midwifery interviewed the subjects to complete the questionnaire. ResultsMean ages of women and their husbands were 26.1±4.8 and 31.6±5.7 respectively and their marital period was 5.9±4.8. 3%, 28.8% and 68.2% were in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. 61% had no specific problem at this stage. 58% considered their sexual contact disgusting. 96%, 92.2% and 94.1% experienced less pleasure than before from sexual relationships in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester respectively. 83.2%, 80% and 77% had decreased sexual contacts in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester. 50%, 41.7% and 56% experienced less arousal than before in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester respectively. 75%, 57.4% and 62.3% had less sexual desire than before in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester respectively. 49.25% believed that pregnancy had no effect on their sexual contact. ConclusionIt seems that sexual drive decreases in pregnancy. Thus, proper instruction and consultation programs are recommended for better coping of couples to decrease related problems and complications. Keywords: Pregnancy, Sexual desire, Arousal.   

The Prevalence Of Adhd In Primary School Students In Tehran

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a developmental disorder involving inappropriate poor attention span or age-inappropriate features of hyperactivity and impulsivity and/or both. Methods: In order to assess the prevalence of children with ADHD in Tehran, a sample of 2667 children including both boys & girls aged between 7-12 years were selected by a 2-stage method sampling among a grid of sectors of 19 different educational areas by stratified random sampling. We tested the rate of ADHD in the considered children based on two questionnaires of Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales (CPRS and CTRS) and semi-structured interviews. Results: According to the recent studies, it is possible to describe the rate of ADHD prevalence based on the CPRS and CTRS questionnaires and semi-structured interview among the primary school children in Tehran (aged between 712 years of age) with a range of 3% to 6%. Conclusion: These mentioned findings are somewhat similar to the announced statistics of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2003)

Quality of Verbal communication of health care team with hospitalized children under 3

Background and aimFor different reasons, children may experience hospitalization. With respect to the importance of human relationships and verbal communication in this group for creating confidence and a sense of security with healthcare team, this descriptive study was conducted to identify the quality of verbal communication of the team with hospitalized children under 3 in 2008.  Materials and methods253 nurses and 87 physicians working in pediatric wards of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences took part. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a verbal communication checklist in 3 levels: good, moderate and poor. The checklist was designed for 2 age groups (0-1 and 1-3) to evaluate age differences and communication needs more accurately. Chi-square and exact Fisher tests were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11. Findings%41.9 and %60.8 of nurses had poor communication with children 0-1 and 1-3 respectively. %42.3 of head nurses had good communication with children 0-1 and 1-3. %38.4 and %48.9 of physicians had good communication with children 0-1 and 1-3 respectively. A significant correlation was found between the verbal communication quality of nurses and such demographic variables as having children, educational level and shift time as well as of head nurses and educational level (