Revisting the Rate of Change

The Mean Value Theorem is a great theory and guide for any body who deals with the rate of change. This paper aims to add something to the theory. Even a small addition is better than none, only time will tell the significance of the addition.Calculus, derivative, khumalo derivative, economic model, rate of change

Point X and the Economics of Knowledge

In this paper the theory developed in the paper �The Fundamental Theory of Knowledge� by the same author is developed further. This paper looks at point X, as it exists in the dimension that is called mthetho, the laws that govern the universe. Analyzing point X gives a more firm understanding of knowledge and its properties. The timelessness and independence of point X shall first be established and verified. The paper will eventually demonstrate that the timelessness and independence of this point X is what gives knowledge its power in terms of economics. The concepts developed in the paper. The Fundamental theory of Knowledge� are tested against this concept of timelessness and independence of point X, if a contradiction where to be found the theory would have serious contradictions, the paper proves that there are no contradictions. The principles of negative and obsolete knowledge are discussed in relation to point X. The laws of knowledge are tested against point X, against the timelessness and independence of point X. The law of consistency, arguably the most powerful law in investigative knowledge is also discussed in relation to point X; again the paper establishes that there are no contradictions. The law of consistency demonstrates the importance of point X, and therefore knowledge in the economic reality of human beings. Finally the foundations of material progress are discussed in the paper again with point X being the reference point.knowledge; point X; laws of knowledge; consistency; use knowledge; point U

Knowledge Economics role in explaining growth and innovation

This paper is written to show that there is a definite model that has been developed that explains the role of innovation to economic growth. This paper is based on the theorem that was built up in the paper that I wrote in 2007 entitled “Point X and the Economics of Knowledge”, as well as the so far unpublished papers concerning the long and short term properties of knowledge. This paper shall us the short term properties of knowledge to explain the relationship between growth and Knowledge. Stuart Kauffman of the university of Calgary believes that “Conventional economic theories about growth and the evolution of future wealth may be inadequate. We need a theory and historical examination of the growth of the actual economic web and of whether, in a supracritical economy, a sufficiently high diversity of the web autocatalytically drives its own growth. Furthermore, we need to understand the mutually and collectively cross-enhancing power of complementary technologies, regulatory structure and attraction of consumers in the creation of wealth.” I say this is wrong, the paper “Point X and the Economics of Knowledge”, gives an excellent framework to answer these questions. This paper will delve to be as simple as possible.Knowledge Economics; growth, innovation, short term knowledge growth; knowl; research

Revisiting the Derivative: Implications on the Rate of Change Analysis

The aim of this paper is to raise concerns with the mathematical concept of the derivative as we know it. It raises concerns of accuracy. The paper is kept as simple as possible, solutions are always meant to be as simple as possible to be easily understood. The paper looks at linear and polynomial functions to illustrate that the derivative is not as precise as it should be, and in some instances can be considered almost a relic, though the solutions that are derived consider the simple derivative. It is the nature of polynomial functions that lead to the derivative not to be accurate and this paper clearly shows the shortcomings. The paper ends with a derivative that is accurate and precise, a derivative that when broken down is so simple. The main lesson/ conclusion is that it is all in the function, complex derivatives are not always necessary. This has important implications to all researchers, scientists who use the derivative to predict.derivative, residual, R, khumalo derivative

Knowledge Theory and Investment: Enhanced Investment Decision Based on the properties of Point X

Knowledge is the most important commodity and resource human beings can have. Having these qualities allows knowledge to be at the forefront of economics, as it should be. Knowledge economics demonstrates the power of knowledge theory into investment decision making policy by individuals and institutions. The paper discusses the different research types that take place and the different risks associated with each type of risk been associated with time. Strategy using game theory is used in a dynamic situation because firms are not static. Knowledge is the tool the investor needs to make more clarified decisionsKnowledge; research type; research risk; consistency; game theory

Managing a Societies Knowledge base A look at Opportunity Costs

As explained in the paper namely, “Measuring a Societies Knowledge base”, it is not difficult to measure the knowledge base of a society, though it would be very laborious and time consuming. Knowledge is simply all the laws of existence a society knows plus all the products that a society creates. Each law that a society knows was given the symbol of point X and each product that a society made was given the symbol point U. Point U being a derivative of the laws of existence that we know. Every product in existence represents a point U, and every product is a derivation of what we understand about the laws of existence. We make spoons out of steel, wood, or plastic rather than cotton, paper, or mercury because of the properties that human beings understand the different materials. From the most simple point U to the most complex, all are derivatives of laws of existence that humans understand. From a simple point U like a tooth pick made of thorns to the most complex such as a nuclear powered submarine, all are derived from what human beings understand about the materials.point X; point U; opportunity Cost; managing knowledge; choice; incentive

Analytical and CFD Simulation of an on-roof Wind Generator Using Biomass

Solar systems usually suffers the non-continuous availability of solar insolation e.g. during the night and in cloudy days. The integration of biomass with solar systems may represent a good solution for the application which is under consideration in the “on-roof solar chimney”. This report highlights the importance of understanding the combustion process for efficient burning of the biomass waste and also point out one of the reasons why biomass waste is not fully utilized. Mathematical modelling of the system is the main focus of this report. Preliminary design of the system for two cases is provided. On Case I the fluid stream to the Savonius rotor is the flue gases only. As the flue gases flow through the roof heat is lost to the ambient air through the glass the glass canopy. The lost heat can be utilized by putting an absorber layer between the insulated roof and the glass canopy and allowing the ambient air to pass between the absorber and the canopy. This provides the basis for Case II which is to make use of the heat loss through the canopy. The resulting air stream is mixed with the flue gas stream before entering the on-roof chimney, and the resulting stream is directed to the rotor on the roof to generate power. From the simulations it is shown that a significant amount of the heat carried by the flue gases leaves through the on-roof chimney and only 10% is lost through the canopy for Case I and Case II reduces the heat lost through the canopy by 3% and the output power is increased by 74% per unit width of the house. The analysis of the system proves that there is potential in biomass being used to generate electricity for domestic applications with further modifications to the roof dimensions and the configuration of the Savonius wind rotor

Information theory and dimensions: Enhancing Quantum Mechanics

This paper seeks to discuss why information theory is so important. What is information, knowledge is interaction of human mind and information, but there is a difference between information theory and knowledge theory. Look into information and particle theory and see how information must have its roots in particle theory. This leads to the concept of spatial dimensions, information density, complexity, particle density, can there be particle complexity, and re-looking at the double slit experiment and quantum tunneling. Information functions/ relations are discussed

Dynamics of Numerics of Nonautonomous Equations with Periodic Solutions: Introducing the Numerical Floquet Theory

Nonautonomous systems with periodic solutions are encountered frequently in applications. In this paper, we will consider simple systems whose solutions are periodic with a known period. Their transformation under linearized collocation methods is investigated, using a technique called stroboscopic sampling, a discrete version of the well-known Poincaré map. It is shown that there is an inextricable relationship between AN stability (or BN stability) of the numerical methods and the correct qualitative behaviour of solutions

Probing the role of the 37-kDa/67-kDa laminin receptor precursor/laminin receptor (LRP/LR) on the cellular viability of breast and oesophageal cancer cells by siRNA-mediated downregulation of LRP/LR

dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2014Cancer is a global burden due to high incidence and mortality rates and is ranked the second most diagnosed disease amongst non-communicable diseases in South Africa. A high expression level of the 37kDa/67kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) is one characteristic of cancer cells. This receptor is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer cells by supporting tumor angiogenesis, metastasis and especially for this study, the evasion of apoptosis. In the current study, the role of LRP/LR on cellular viability of breast MCF-7, MDA-MB 231 and WHCO1 oesophageal cancer cells was investigated. Western blot analysis revealed that total LRP expression levels of MCF-7, MDA-MB 231 and WHCO1 were significantly downregulated by targeting the mRNA of LRP using siRNA-LAMR1 by 100, 44% and 73%, respectively. This knockdown of LRP expression resulted in a significant decrease of viability in the breast and oesophageal cancer cells as determined by an MTT assay by 72%, 52% and 45% in WHCO, MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells, respectively. Moreover, the reduction in cellular viability was accompanied by a significant decrease in cell proliferation by 26%, 43% and 59% in MCF-7, WHCO1 and MDA-MB 231 cells, respectively. The exposure of the phosphatidylserine protein on the surface of breast MCF-7, MDA-MB 231 and oesophageal WHCO1 cancer cells as detected by the Annexin-V/7-AAD assay indicates that the reduction in cellular proliferation and viability is due to the induction of apoptosis which is elaborated by the loss of membrane symmetry as well as observations of nuclear morphological changes in all cell lines post transfection with siRNA-LAMR1. This data indicates that LRP/LR is crucial for the maintenance of cellular viability of cancerous cells and our findings recommend siRNA technology as a novel alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of metastatic cancer