Conditional Density Matrix in the Context of Noncontextuality

Conditional density matrix represents a quantum state of subsystem in different schemes of quantum communication. Here we discuss some properties of conditional density matrix and its place in general scheme of quantum mechanics.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe

Construction of Doubly Periodic Solutions via the Poincare-Lindstedt Method in the case of Massless Phi^4 Theory

Doubly periodic (periodic both in time and in space) solutions for the Lagrange-Euler equation of the (1+1)-dimensional scalar Phi^4 theory are considered. The nonlinear term is assumed to be small, and the Poincare-Lindstedt method is used to find asymptotic solutions in the standing wave form. The principal resonance problem, which arises for zero mass, is solved if the leading-order term is taken in the form of a Jacobi elliptic function. It have been proved that the choice of elliptic cosine with fixed value of module k (k=0.451075598811) as the leading-order term puts the principal resonance to zero and allows us constructed (with accuracy to third order of small parameter) the asymptotic solution in the standing wave form. To obtain this leading-order term the computer algebra system REDUCE have been used. We have appended the REDUCE program to this paper.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX 2.09. This paper have been published in the Electronic Proceedings of the Fourth International IMACS Conference on Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA'98) {Prague (Czech Republic)} at http://math.unm.edu/ACA/1998/sessions/dynamical/verno

Evaporation on/in Capillary Structures of High Heat Flux Two-Phase Devices

Two-phase devices (heat pipes, capillary pumped loops, loop heat pipes, and evaporators) have become recognized as key elements in thermal control systems of space platforms. Capillary and porous structures are necessary and widely used in these devices, especially in high heat flux and zero-g applications, to provide fluid transport and enhanced heat transfer during vaporization and condensation. However, some unexpected critical phenomena, such as dryout in long heat pipe evaporators and high thermal resistance of loop heat pipe evaporators with high heat fluxes, are possible and have been encountered in the use of two-phase devices in the low gravity environment. Therefore, a detailed fundamental investigation is proposed to better understand the fluid behavior in capillary-porous structures during vaporization at high heat fluxes. The present paper addresses some theoretical aspects of this investigation

The probability of nonsense mutation caused by replication-associated mutational pressure is much higher for bacterial genes from lagging than from leading strands

AbstractWe studied nucleotide usage biases in 4-fold degenerated sites of all the genes from leading and lagging strands of 30 bacterial genomes. The level of guanine in 4-fold degenerated sites (G4f) is significantly lower in genes from lagging strands than in genes from leading strands, probably because of the faster rates of guanine oxidation in single-stranded DNA leading to G to T transversions. The rates of cytosine deamination causing C to T transitions are also higher in lagging strands. We showed that the level of codons able to form stop-codons by the way of G to T transversions and C to T transitions is always higher than the level of codons able to form stop-codons by the way of C to A transversions and G to A transitions. This circumstance can be an explanation of the lower percent of ORFs in lagging strands of bacterial replichores than in leading strands

Silver Staining for Elucidation of the Synlophe in Trichostrongyle Nematodes

Staining techniques are relatively rare in the study of parasitic nematodes. A novel silver-staining method is described for elucidation of the synlophe (a system of longitudinal cuticular ridges), a character of great systematic importance among the trichostrongyloid nematodes. Ridges are stained optically black and appear in great contrast to the body of the nematode. This method augments current use of interference contrast for examination of the synlophe. Detailed studies of the configuration of the synlophe in entire specimens are possible with standard light microscopy for the first time