The effect of perioperative analgesia with omnopon and parecoxib on the endocytic activity of murine phagocytes on the model of tumor surgery

We used the model of surgical tumor removal to compare the effect of anesthesia with opioid analgesic omnopon and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor parecoxib on the endocytic activity of phagocytes of different localization sites. 50 C57/black mice were transplanted with Lewis lung carcinoma in the hind paw pad. After 22 days, the tumor paw was amputated. Analgesics (omnopon 10 mg/kg, parecoxib – 20 mg/kg) were administered 30 min before the operation and once per day for 3 days after the surgery. Assessment of the endocytic activity of phagocytes was performed by FACS analysis before the surgery, at days 1 and 3 after the surgery. It was found that parecoxib analgesia maintained the endocytic activity of blood and spleen phagocytes in the postoperative period. At day 3 after the surgery in parecoxib-treated animals phagocytic activity of splenic granulocytes were 2.2 times higher compared to that in the group receiving opioid analgesia. Phagocytic indices of monocytes in parecoxib-treated mice were also 1.6 and 2.5 times higher for blood and spleen monocytes, respectively. Thus, parecoxib analgesia maintained the activity of blood and spleen phagocytes in mice after the surgical tumor removal at a much higher level as compared with the omnopon analgesia

Involvement of human beta-defensin-2 in regulation of malignant potential of cultured human melanoma cells

Background and Aim: Human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is an antimicrobial cationic peptide capable to control human carcinoma cell growth via cell cycle regulation. The present study was aimed on determination of hBD-2 influence on the growth patterns and malignant potential of cultured human melanoma cells. Methods: The study was performed on cultured human melanoma cells of mel Z and mel Is lines treated with recombinant hBD-2 (rec-hBD-2); cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and anchorage-independent growth were analyzed using MTT test, direct cell counting, flow cytometry, and colony forming assay respectively. Expression and/or phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in cell cycle control were evaluated by Western blotting. Results: The treatment of mel Z and mel Is cells with rec-hBD-2 in a concentration range of 100–1000 nM resulted in a concentration-dependent suppression of cell proliferation, viability, and colony forming activity. It has been shown that rec-hBD-2 exerts its growth suppression effects via significant downregulation of B-Raf expression, activation of pRB and upregulation of p21WAF1 expression, downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E resulting in cell cycle arrest at G1/S checkpoint. Conclusion: According to obtained results, hBD-2 exerts its growth suppression effect toward human melanoma cells via downregulation of B-Raf, cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression, upregulation of p21WAF1 expression and activation of pRB. Key Words: human beta-defensin-2, melanoma, proliferation, viability, cell cycle, B-Raf, anchorage-independent growth

Significance of miR-885-5p in neuroblastoma outcome

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children. This disease displays a remarkable heterogeneity in clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous regression to rapid progression and resistance to therapy. Recent evidence has shown that microRNAs are often involved in regulation of tumor development and progression. MiR-885-5p has a tumor suppressive role in neuroblastoma, interfe­ring with cell cycle progression and cell survival. MiR-885-5p leads to the accumulation of p53 protein and activates p53-mediated pathway of cell cycle arrest, resulting in upregulation of its targets. We have analyzed association of miR-885-5p expression in 58 neuroblastoma tumors with different clinical characteristics and disease outcome. In tumor samples of patients with unfavorable clinical characteristics lower miR-885-5p expression levels were observed. Event-free survival analysis showed that low miR-885-5p expression was tightly associated with a significantly poorer outcome than in those with high expression of miR-885-5p. In this study, evidence is presented on miR-885-5p dysregulation in neuroblastoma. As follows, along with other clinical features, it can be used as an independent prognostic and possibly therapeutic approach for optimization of neuroblastoma treatment

Expression of miR-34 family of microRNA and clinical outcome of neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common cancers in children that arises from sympathetic nervous system tissue with a high rate of incidence in Ukraine. Genetic abnormalities containing loss of chromosome 1p36 and 11q, MYCN amplification are strongly associated with poor prognosis of this disease. Despite rare TP53 mutations, p53 pathway is often inactivated in neuroblastoma, mostly by MDM2 overexpression. Members of miR-34 microRNA family are the most prevalent p53-induced miRNAs and important mediators of tumor suppression. MiR-34 microRNA family consists of three members: miR-34a is encoded by its own transcript from 1p36, whereas miR-34b and miR-34c share a common primary transcript in 11q. It is suggested that miR-34a is a suppressor of neuroblastoma tumor genesis, as it targets many oncogenes such as E2F3, BCL-2 and MYCN. In this study, we present evidence of miR-34 deregulation in neuroblastoma. A decrease of miR-34 expression was associated with unfavorable clinical and biological features of the disease. Low miR-34a expression was associated with a decrease of survival rates in groups of patients with MDM2 overexpression and MYCN not-amplified low expressed MDM2 neuroblastoma. Taking this into account, analysis of mir-34a expression can help to improve personalized therapy strategy and serve as additional marker for the stratification optimization in patients with neuroblastoma

Synergistic effect of microbe-associated molecules on human monocyte-derived dendritic cell maturation in vitro

Microbe-associated molecules (MAM) are known to exert stimulating effect on the dendritic cell (DC) maturation. The aim of this investigation was a comparative study of the effect of different MAMs, used separately and in combination, on human monocyte-derived DC maturation in vitro. Methods. The studied MAMs were represented by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and different biopolymers from Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46. DC phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. Functional maturity of DC was assessed in the mixed leukocyte reaction. Results. The use of MAMs in combination has been shown to be more efficient for phenotypic and functional maturation of monocyte-derived DCs than utilizing different MAMs separately. The most potent stimulatory effect has been observed for the combination of LPS with peptidoglycan (PepG) or teichoic acid with PepG. Conclusions. Combined use of different MAMs, especially those that activate different signaling pathways (LPS-PepG and teichoic acid-PepG), results in synergistic stimulation of monocyte-derived DC maturation

Combined influence of teichoic acids from Staphylococcus aureus and heterometallik Cu/Cd ethylenediamine complex on peritoneal macrophages and tumor cells

We investigated the effects of teichoic acid (TA) from Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 on tumor growth and metastasis of the experimental Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in mice. Intranasal administration of TA alone aggravated both tumor growth and metastasis, whereas combined administration of TA with a synthetic bimetallic (copper: cadmium) ethylene diamine complex PO244 resulted in pronounced antitumor and antimetastatic effects. The group of animals subjected to the combined treatment with TA and PO244 manifested the highest degree of lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor tissue, compared to the control group and those exposed to TA or PO244 alone. Moreover, the combined treatment negatively affected the adhesive properties of peritoneal macrophages in the LLC bearing mice. Co-cultivation of the isolated macrophages with primary LLC cultures revealed significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxic and cytostatic effects, detected as an increased level of apoptosis and a reduced fraction of replicating cells.Исследовали модифицирующее влияние тейхоевой кислоты (ТК) на рост и метастазирование перевиваемой карциномы легких Льюис у мышей. Выявлена гиперактивация роста и метастазирования первичной опухоли при интраназальном введении животным ТК, в то время как при комбинированном влиянии с РО244 наблюдали усиление противо-опухолевого эффекта. Самый высокий уровень инфильтрации опухолевой ткани лимфоцитами зафиксировали в группе животных, которым проводили комбинированную терапию ТК с РО 244. Показано снижение адгезивных свойств перитонеальных макрофагов под влиянием биметаллического комплекса. После сокультивирования макрофагов от животных, которым проводили комбинированную терапию с первичной культурой LLC, выявлено значительное (p < 0.05) цитотоксическое/цитостатическое влияние, что проявлялось в увеличении уровня апоптоза и уменьшении популяции клеток пролиферативного пула

Antineoplastic drug NSC631570 modulates functions of hypoxic macrophages

Hypoxia is an important factor in the macrophages microenvironment. Many physiological and pathological processes including solid tumor development are characterized by both low oxygen content and presence of macrophages. Tumor-associated hypoxia causes alternative polarization of macrophages in tumor tissue and transformation of these cells into the allies of a malignant neoplasm. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of NSC631570, a cancerselective drug that is known to selectively accumulate in the tumor tissue, on hypoxic macrophage function. Murine peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were subjected to hypoxia (3% O₂). Nitrite level was assayed by the Griess reaction. Arginase activity was measured by colorimetric method. ROS generation and phagocytosis was estimated by flow cytometry. O₂⁻ generation was assayed by the NBT reduction method. HMGB1 expression was determined by ELISA. 42 h hypoxia caused alternative polarization of murine PMs with significant arginase prevalence. NSC631570 repolarized arginine metabolism of hypoxic macrophages to NOS dominant and activated their pro-inflammatory functions: recovered ROS production and increased alarmin releaseNSC631570 can restore pro-inflammatory functions of macrophages, alternatively polarized by hypoxia.Гипоксия является важным фактором микроокружения макрофагов. Многие физиологические и патологические процессы, в том числе рост солидных опухолей, характеризуются низким давлением кислорода и присутствием макрофагов. Опухолеассоциированная гипоксия является одной из причин альтернативной поляризации макрофагов в опухолевой ткани, превращая их в клетки-союзники опухолевого процесса. Целью работы было исследование влияния NSC631570 – опухоле-селективного препарата со способностью избирательно накапливаться в опухолевой ткани – на функции гипоксических макрофагов. Мышиные перитонеальные макрофаги (ПМ) подвергались гипоксической обработке (3 % O₂). Уровень нитритов исследовали в реакции Грисса. Аргиназную актив-ность определяли колориметрическим методом. Образование внутриклеточных реактивных форм кислорода (РФК) и фагоцитоз анализировали c помощью проточной цитофлюориметрии. Внеклеточную продукцию РФК определяли в НСТ-тесте, экспрессию HMGB1 – методом ELISA. 42-часовая гипоксия обусловливала альтернативную поляризацию ПМ с преобладанием аргиназной активности. NSC631570 вызывал реполяризацию метаболизма аргинина в гипоксических ПМ и активировал их провоспалительные функции: усиливал кислород-зависимый метаболизм и выделение аларминов. NSC631570 способен восстанавливать провоспалительные функции макрофагов, альтернативно поляризованных гипоксией.Гіпоксія є важливим фактором мікрооточення макрофагів. Багато важливих фізіологічних і пато-логічних процесів, у тому числі ріст солідних пухлин, характеризуються низьким тиском кисню і присутністю макрофагів. Пухлино-асоційована гіпоксія є однією з причин альтернативної поляризації макрофагів у пухлинній тканині, перетворю-ючи їх на клітини-союзники пухлинного процесу. Метою роботи було дослідження впливу NSC631570 – пухлино-селективного препарату зі здатністю вибірково накопичуватись у пухлинній тканині – на функції гіпоксичних макрофагів. Мишачі перитонеальні макрофаги (ПМ) піддавались гіпоксичній обробці (3 % O₂). Рівень нітритів вивчали в реакції Гріса. Аргіназну активність визначали колориметричним методом. Утворення внутрішньоклітинних реактивних форм кисню (РФК) і фагоцитоз аналізували за допомогою проточної цитофлюориметрії. Позаклітинну продукцію РФК визначали в НСТ-тесті, експресію HMGB1 – методом ELISA. 42-годинна гіпоксія спричиняла альтернативну поляри-зацію ПМ з переважанням аргіназної активності. NSC631570 викликав реполяризацію метаболізму аргініну у гіпоксичних ПМ і активував їх прозапальні функції: посилював киснезалежний метаболізм і виділення алармінів. NSC631570 здатний відновлювати прозапальні функції макрофагів, альтернативно поляризованих гіпоксією