Effect of dietary digestible energy level on growth indices of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamenskii, 1901)

A 60-days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary digestible energy levels (DE) on kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum. Four isonitrogenous (35% protein) diets with digestible energy levels of 2500, 2600, 2700 and 2800kcal kg-1 were tested. Two hundred and forty advanced fry (2±0.4g) were randomly distributed in 12 fiberglass tanks of 400L capacity. Nutritional responses in terms of WG, FCR and PER as well as survival rate (SR) significantly improved (P<0.05) with increase in DE level from 2500 to 2800 kcal kg-1 diet, but no difference between 2600 and 2700kcal kg-1 diet was found. Body crude protein and fat significant were increased (p<0.05) when the dietary energy was raised up from 2500 to 2600kcal DE kg-1 diet, but a further increase on energy did not improve the fish crude protein and fat content

Effects of zeolite levels on growth indexes of juvenile freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus)

To decrease cost of the commercial formulated food in culture of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), inexpensive additives like Zeolite can be incorporated into food. An eight week experiment was conducted on juvenile freshwater crayfish to determine the suitable level of Zeolite in food of the fish. Four levels of Zeolite 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent with three replications each and a digestible energy (DE) of 3500Kcal/kg diet were formulated. Five hundred and forty juvenile crayfish weighing 2 plus or minus 0.8 grams each were randomly distributed between twelve aquariums of 250 liter capacity. Juveniles were fed on pellet foods at 8 percent of body weight four times a day. Different nutritional responses in terms of weight gain (WG), Relative growth rate (RGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (SR) were calculated and compared. WG, RGR and SR in treatments (1, 2, 3, 4) were not significant statistically (P>0.05) as compared to the control group

N,N′-Dipyridoxyl(1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane) Schiff-base: Synthesis, experimental and theoretical identification

The N,N′-dipyridoxyl(1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane) (=H2L) Schiff-base has been synthesized and characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Its optimized geometry and theoretical vibrational frequencies have been computed using density functional theory (DFT) method via the B3LYP functional. Also, its ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts have been calculated at the same computational level. In optimized geometry of the H2L, the two pyridine rings are perpendicular to each other. The phenolic hydrogens are engaged in intramolecular-hydrogen bonds with the azomethine nitrogens