The Effect of the Parenting Skills in the Attitude of Preschool Students’ Mothers

AbstractIntroduction: child and adolescent mental health is the main part of public health and any effort for the improvement of the child mental health needs evaluation of parenting skills and familial interactions. Positive parenting education is an interventional program based on the social learning theory and its main objective is prevention of behavioural, emotional and developmental problems in children by increasing the information, skills and self confidence of the parents.Materials and methods: 32 individuals who were the mother of pre school students enrolled in this study. Beforeand after positive parenting education they were asked to fill the parenting scale and demographic questionnaires.Results: The score of the parenting scale was higher in three sub scale before education and the total score in mothers with age of lower than 30 and in mothers whose student was their first child was higher before education. the role of age and the birth rank were not significant after education .Conclusion: this study shows that short term education of positive parenting can make improvement in different sub scales of parenting scale

Sleep disorders in children

History and Objectives: Sleep disorders are very common in children and with various manifestations and for the latter reason, their complications are less commonly recognized as behavioral, learning disturbances and/or neurobehavioral. Considering the high incidence of such disorders, this research study was carried out to find the ways for diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. Materials and Methods: This review article was prepared by carefully studying 35 articles from 1993 to 2000 and the reference developmental behavioral pediatrics. Results: It was found out that sleep disorders are the most common complaints among children and can lead to inattention and memory and learning disturbances. The sleep disorders include somnolence, no sleep, associated respiratory problems, nightmare, consciousness disturbances and disorders of motor behaviors and nocturnal urination. Furthermore, it can lead ton to other systemic disturbances and/or psychological disorders. Conclusion: Although sleep disorders are very common in children, but they are often not diagnosed and can lead to neuro-psychological disturbances. It is recommended to consider the sleep disorders in differential diagnosis of behavioral and learning problems in children and to perform more studies in this field

Sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women

Background and aimOne of aspects in marital satisfaction is sexual. It has a significant role in mental health of families. With respect to increasing age and life expectancy of Iranian women, studying about sexual aspects of postmenopausal women can promote their health and quality of life. This descriptive study was conducted to determine sexual satisfaction of postmenopausal women referring to healthcare clinics affiliated to Medical Universities in Tehran in 2008. Materials and methods270 women were selected by convenience sampling method. A questionnaire completed by interview was used for data collection. It included 2 parts: demographic and sexual satisfaction items. Different statistical tests were used for data analysis. FindingsMean age of women was 52.49±4.93. Their sexual satisfaction was desired (58.9%) but their sexual drive was undesired (66.3%). All sexual aspects had a significant relationship with the satisfaction of women from sexual activities (