Anthropometric measurements of the ventrogluteal injectıon area: A cross-sectional study

Research Problem / Aim: The ventrogluteal injection area is one of the areas most frequently used by nurses in intramuscular injection applications. The thicknesses of the subcutaneous tissue and the muscle tissue in this area are important for a safe injection. The aim of this study is the determination of the subcutaneous and muscle tissue thicknesses on the ventrogluteal injection area and the anthropometric data about it. Method: The study has designed a cross-sectional study. 150 individuals who applied to the ultrasound unit of the hospital and accepted to participate in the study were included in the study. The ventrogluteal injection area was determined with the ‘’V’’ method by the researcher. The subcutaneous and muscle tissue thicknesses from the areas on the injection area and the areas 2 and 4 cm around the injection area were determined using the ultrasound device. Moreover, the relation between the anthropometric measurements of the individuals (height, weight, waist, hip and crista iliaca circumferences, distance between the large trochanter and crista iliaca and crista iliaca anterior) and the tissue thicknesses on the injection area were evaluated. The data of the research were evaluated with definitive statistics, ANOVA test and posthoc Tukey test, t test and correlation analysis. The p<0.05 value was accepted as statistically significant for all results. Findings: The average subcutaneous tissue thickness in the injection area was determined as 15.44±8.01 mm and the average tissue thickness there was determined as 31.75±11.86 mm. The subcutaneous tissue thickness in women was found more than the subcutaneous tissue thickness in men. When the tissue thicknesses 2 and 4 cm around the injection area were analyzed, it was found that the area where the total tissue thickness was the least was over 2 cm (41.67±14.83) and over 4 cm (35.79±15.55) of the injection area. It was determined that the average total thickness 4 cm around the injection area was less than 38 mm in underwight individuals. Conclusions: According to the results obtained from the study, the weight and body mass index of the individual should be considered in the choice of the injection area and the length of the needle to be used when the ventrogluteal injection area was used in intramuscular injections. Especially in obese individuals, longer needles can be preferred. Besides, it must be thought that there may be the risk of bone injury 4 cm around the injection area in asthenic individuals and individuals with normal weight. Moreover, since the individuals’ having a large waist and hip circumference is related to their subcutaneous tissue thickness, it is recommended that long needles should be chosen in these individuals

Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi öğrencilerinde alkol kullanımı ve bağımlılığı

Objective: Alcohol use and dependence are some of the most important health problems among university students. This descriptive study was carried out to investigate alcohol use and de;not;pendence in this population. Method: The study sample consists of 300 students attending the Faculty of Science in Ege University. A questionnaire form and Michigan Al;not;coholism Screening Test were used in collecting the data. Data were analysed by using Chi-square test. Results: It was found that 76% of students were using alcohol, 8.8% of them had alcohol dependence and 14% had alcohol abuse. It was determined that the rate of alcohol dependence was significantly higher among students in 17-19 age group, and the rate of alcohol use was sig;not;nificantly lower among students who stayed in dormitory. Conclusion: Alcohol using and dependence is high in university students.Amaç: Alkol kullanımı ve bağımlılığı üniversi¬te öğrencileri arasında önemli sağlık sorunların¬dan biridir. Tanımlayıcı türdeki bu çalışma, üniver¬site öğrencilerinde alkol kullanımını ve bağımlılı¬ğını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini Ege Üni¬versitesi Fen Fakültesinde okuyan 300 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler anket formu ve Michigan Alkolizm Tarama Testi (MATT) kullanılarak toplan¬mıştır. Verilerin analizinde ki-kare önemlilik testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %76'sının alkol kullandığı, %8.8'inin alkol bağımlısı, % 14 'ünün alkol kötüye kullanımının olduğu saptanmıştır. Alkol bağımlılığı oranının 17-19 yaş grubundaki öğrencilerde daha yüksek olduğu ve alkol kullanımının yurtta kalan öğrencilerde en düşük düzeyde oldu¬ğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak üniversite örgencilerin-de alkol kullanımı ve bağımlılığının yüksek oldu¬ğu saptanmıştır

Subkutan heparin uygulamasında ilacın veriliş süresinin ekimoz, hematom ve ağrı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi

This research is a clinical experimental study to determine the effect of different injection duration of subcutaneous heparin over ecchymosis, hematoma and pain. The research took place on Ege University Medicine Faculty Hospital Cardiology, Orthopedie and Neurology clinics, between 01.03.2003 and 01.05.2004. Samples of the experiment were 50 patients who accepted to join the experiment and drawn from the population by random sampling technique. All patients in the sample range are studied as both experiment and control groups. Heparin injected in 10 seconds on the right side of the pouch and in 30 seconds on the left side. Conclusion; Ecchymosis development took place on a smaller rate on 30 seconds injections, over 10 seconds injection (p;lt;0,05). It was determined that size of the ecchymosis was smaller in 30 seconds injections (p;lt;0,05). Pain strength and pain period were statistically significant smaller in 30 seconds injection over 10 seconds injection (p;lt;0,001).Araştırma, subkutan heparin uygulamasında; ilacın veriliş süresinin ekimoz, hematom ve ağrı oluşumuna etkisini saptamak amacı ile yapılmış klinik deneysel, bir çalışmadır. 01.03.2003 ile 01.05.2004 tarihleri arasında Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Kardiyoloji, Ortopedi ve Nöroloji kliniklerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini "rastgele örnekleme tekniği" ile belirlenen 50 hasta oluşturmuştur. Örneklemdeki her hasta aynı zamanda hem kontrol ve hem de uygulama grubunu oluşturmuştur. Heparin enjeksiyonunda ilaç karın bölgesinde göbek çukurunun sağ tarafına 10 saniyede, sol tarafına 30 saniyede verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda: Subkutan heparin uygulamasında ilaç 30 saniyede verildiğinde 10 saniyede verilmesine göre daha az oranda ekimoz geliştiği (p0.05) ve gelişen ekimozların daha küçük olduğu (p0.05) saptanmıştır. İlaç 30 saniyede verildiğinde 10 saniyede verilmesine göre ağrı şiddetinde (p0.001) ve ağrı süresinde (p0.001) azalma olduğu saptanmıştır