Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology Consensus Statements on the Diagnosis and Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence supporting this association in the Asian population is scarce. Given the differences in the epidemiology of CVD and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as differences in the availability of healthcare resources between Asian and Western countries, an Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology (APSC) working group developed consensus recommendations on the management of OSA in patients with CVD in the Asia-Pacific region. The APSC expert panel reviewed and appraised the available evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Consensus recommendations were developed and put to an online vote. Consensus was reached when 80% of votes for a given recommendation were in support of ‘agree’ or ‘neutral.’ The resulting statements provide guidance on the assessment and treatment of OSA in patients with CVD in the Asia-Pacific region. The APSC hopes for these recommendations to pave the way for screening, early diagnosis and treatment of OSA in the Asia-Pacific region

Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits

Anthocyanins are colored water-soluble pigments belonging to the phenolic group. The pigments are in glycosylated forms. Anthocyanins responsible for the colors, red, purple, and blue, are in fruits and vegetables. Berries, currants, grapes, and some tropical fruits have high anthocyanins content. Red to purplish blue-colored leafy vegetables, grains, roots, and tubers are the edible vegetables that contain a high level of anthocyanins. Among the anthocyanin pigments, cyanidin-3-glucoside is the major anthocyanin found in most of the plants. The colored anthocyanin pigments have been traditionally used as a natural food colorant. The color and stability of these pigments are influenced by pH, light, temperature, and structure. In acidic condition, anthocyanins appear as red but turn blue when the pH increases. Chromatography has been largely applied in extraction, separation, and quantification of anthocyanins. Besides the use of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural dyes, these colored pigments are potential pharmaceutical ingredients that give various beneficial health effects. Scientific studies, such as cell culture studies, animal models, and human clinical trials, show that anthocyanidins and anthocyanins possess antioxidative and antimicrobial activities, improve visual and neurological health, and protect against various non-communicable diseases. These studies confer the health effects of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, which are due to their potent antioxidant properties. Different mechanisms and pathways are involved in the protective effects, including free-radical scavenging pathway, cyclooxygenase pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and inflammatory cytokines signaling. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural food colorants and their nutraceutical properties for health. Abbreviations: CVD: Cardiovascular disease VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor

Evident-based therapeutic effects of anthocyanins from foods

This review covers potential health benefits and efficacies of anthocyanins as well as anthocyanidins, in the prevention of several diseases. Blue, red and purple coloured fruits, vegetables and grains are rich in anthocyanins and have several health benefits, such as prevention of chronic diseases, antimicrobial, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects as well as improve vision and memory. Various in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the efficacy of anthocyanins in fruits and vegetables for the prevention of diseases and other health benefits. Most of the studies showed positive results towards the improvement of disease conditions. In short, anthocyanins and the anthocyanin-rich extracts are some of the best remedies used in prevention of several diseases, memory enhancement and behavioural improvement

Development, implementation and maintenance of a national chart of accounts.

This paper aims to discuss the socio-economic significance of creating a standard chart of accounts, and to explore into foreseeable obstacles of carrying on this project.RP 27/9

Effectiveness of near-peer simulation for managing the acutely deteriorating patient among residents of an internal medicine junior residency programme

10.11622/smedj.2019056SINGAPORE MEDICAL JOURNAL61134-+Singapor

One-Bed-One-Team-Does an Integrated General Hospital Inpatient Model Improve Care Outcomes and Productivity: An Observational Study

10.3389/fpubh.2022.779910FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH1

Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Outcomes Following Myocardial Infarction

10.5664/jcsm.1464Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine76616-62

Associations of physical activity levels and screen time with oral glucose tolerance test profiles in Singaporean women of reproductive age actively trying to conceive: the S‐PRESTO study

International audienceAim: To examine the associations of physical activity and screen time, a proxy for sedentary behaviour, with fasting and post‐load glucose levels in Singaporean women enrolled in a multi‐ethnic Asian preconception study.Methods: Moderate and vigorous physical activity and screen time (television and other electronic devices) were self‐reported by women enrolled in the S‐PRESTO cohort. Fasting, 30‐min and 120‐min glucose levels before and during a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test were measured. Associations of physical activity and screen time with glucose levels were analysed using multivariable linear marginal regression.Results: A total of 946 women aged 31.4±3.7 years were examined, of whom 72% were of Chinese, 15.5% were of Malay, 9.3% were of Indian and 3.2% were of mixed ethnicity. A total of 32% of women reported being active, 36% watched television ≥2 h/day and 26% used electronic devices ≥3 h/day. In adjusted models, vigorous, but not moderate, physical activity was associated with lower overall glucose levels, and was associated more strongly with post‐challenge than fasting glucose levels. Compared to women not engaging in vigorous physical activity, those engaging in physical activity ≥75 min/week had lower mean fasting [–0.14 (95% CI –0.28, –0.01) mmol/l], 30‐min [0.35 (95% CI –0.68, –0.02) mmol/l] and 120‐min [–0.53 (95% CI –0.16, –0.90) mmol/l] glucose levels (overall P value=0.05). We found no associations of screen time with glucose levels.Conclusions: Independently of the time spent in non‐vigorous physical activity and using screens, engaging in vigorous physical activity may be a modifiable factor to improve glucose regulation in women of Asian ethnicity who are attempting to conceive