Induction Motor Design by Use of Genetic Optimization Algorithms

The problem of the automated calculationand optimal design of an induction motor is presented . Theproblem of optimization by use of genetic algorithms is setand solved. The analysis of the obtained results is executed

Induction Motor Optimal Design by Use of Cartesian Product

The problem of the automated calculationand optimal design of an induction motor is presented.Given and decided tasks of optimization by use of Cartesianproduct are introduced. The analysis of the obtained resultsis made

Some aspects of seasonal dynamics of ground beetles in the agrarian landscapes of Kuban Region (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

The paper discusses influence of some elements of the organic farming and organic fertilizers on carabids dynamics in the foothill zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Species realizing their life cycles in the greenhouses conditions are also identified. Structure of the winter fauna during the warm periods of winter as well as during the snowy and frosty periods is revealed

Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli subsp. paravanicus Fominykh & Zamotajlov & Khomitskiy & Titarenko 2020, subsp. nov.

2. <i>Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli paravanicus</i> subsp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F961A11-E05D-48CD-8BCD-36E08FE17D4E</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 3–6, 92, 115–118)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: ♂, Georgia, Samtskhe-Dzhavakheti, W bank of Paravani Lake near Aspara vill., E slopes of Kyerogly Mt., 2100-2200 m, N 41°28’24.99” / E 43°46’19.65”, 04.- 05.06.2015 (D. Fominykh, A. Zubov & A. Safronov) (ZISP). Paratypes: 444♂♂, 490♀♀, same data as holotype, pitfall traps (ZISP, MPSU, CFDD, CTAY, CZAM, CKEE, CSAA).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Medium sized subspecies (Figs. 3–6). GBL = 26.8–34.8 mm, males 26.8–30.0 mm, females 28.6– 34.8 mm, SBL = 23.6–31.4 mm in both sexes. Body rather robust, ovate. Underside black, dorsum generally with bright metallic luster, green, bronze, more seldom violet or blue, in females less bright, somewhat mat; pronotum basally and elytra with metallic luster. Head broad, a little narrower than pronotum, HL = 4.0– 4.8 mm in males, 4.2–5.6 mm in females, HW = 4.8–6.0 mm in males, 5.4–6.6 mm in females; antennae short. Pronotum transverse, PW = 6.6–8.6 mm in males, 7.8–9.8 mm in females, PB = 5.4–6.8 mm in males, 6.0– 7.8 mm in females, PL = 4.0–5.0 mm in males, 4.4–5.6 mm in females, PW/HW = 1.2–1.6 in both sexes, PW/PL = 1.2–1.6 in both sexes, PW/PB = 1.1–1.4 in both sexes; hind angles faintly protruding posteriorly; disk rugose-punctate. Legs short. Elytra convex, EW/PW = 1.2–1.5 in both sexes; EL = 15.6–17.8 mm in males, 17.2–20.8 mm in females, EW = 9.8–11.4 mm in males, 10.4–12.6 mm in females, EL/EW = 1.5–1.8 in both sexes; elytral punctation faint and sparse, usually with only several rarefied impressions behind.</p> <p> Male genitalia (Fig. 92) in general shape of the projections and lobes of endophallus resemble other forms of <i>C. stjernvalli</i>.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis and remarks.</b> This subspecies differs from the other <i>C. stjernvalli</i> taxa, first of all, in its body proportions (Table 1, Fig. 116). In particular, it is distinguishable from <i>C. stjernvalli stjernvalli</i> and <i>C. stjernvalli gvalijai</i> by broader elytra. Among all known forms it is the closest morphologically to <i>C. stjernvalli tabackuriensis</i>, but is distinguishable by body size and some proportions. The new subspecies also differs from all other taxa of <i>C. stjernvalli</i> in the structure of endophallus (Fig. 92), particularly ventroapical and ventrobasal lobes are more pronounced, also a small projection, missing in the other populations from Trialeti Mt. Range and Dzhavakheti Upland, is present beneath ventrobasal lobe.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and habitat.</b> The new subspecies populates west spurs of the Samsar Mt. Range at western bank of Paravani Lake. It inhabits alpine meadows at 2100–2200 m. The imago are active from the beginning of June. The following <i>Carabus</i> species occur together with this subspecies: <i>C. armeniacus</i> Mannerheim, 1830, <i>C. calleyi</i> Fischer von Waldheim, 1823, <i>C. cribratus</i> Quensel, 1806, and <i>C. maurus</i> Adams, 1817.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The subspecific epithet refers to the type locality, vicinity of Paravani Lake in Georgia.</p>Published as part of <i>Fominykh, Dmitriy D., Zamotajlov, Alexandr S., Khomitskiy, Eugeniy E. & Titarenko, Andrey Yu., 2020, Contribution to the knowledge of Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli Mannerheim, 1830 in the Caucasus, with description of two new subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabini), pp. 301-328 in Zootaxa 4729 (3)</i> on pages 305-306, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4729.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3632662">http://zenodo.org/record/3632662</a&gt

Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli subsp. bogatshevi Zamotajlov 1989

5. <i>Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli bogatshevi</i> Zamotajlov, 1989, stat. resurr. <p>(Figs. 1, 15)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype, ♂, labelled “ Transcaucasus, mt. Tshareli (= Chareli) near Borzhomi, 2100 m, 30 VII 1929, A. Bogačev leg.” (ZISP). Paratypes, 2♂♂, labelled same as holotype (ZISP, CZAM).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Described from 10 male and 17 female specimens, collected by A.V. Bogačev in 1929, and later synonymized with <i>C. stjernvalli tabackuriensis</i>, known from the close locality (Fig. 1, red rhombus). Due to the courtesy of Dr. B. Kataev (ZISP), we had the opportunity to reexamine and measure several specimens of the type series, including the holotype, and found sufficient differences of these individuals from <i>C. stjernvalli tabackuriensis</i> (Fig. 116), so we resurrect here the subspecific status of <i>C. stjernvalli bogatshevi</i>.</p> <p> The range of this form is known to occupy a small territory located west-southwards of <i>C. stjernvalli tabackuriensis</i> ’ range, with both subspecies distributed on neighbouring mountains with no visible substantial spatial barriers. This unexpected fact of speciation probably reflects the peripheral position of <i>C. stjernvalli bogatshevi</i> ’ geographic range with respect to the large range of <i>C. stjernvalli tabackuriensis</i> ’, occupying the vast territory of the Lesser Caucasus, similar in this respect to the small “marginal” ranges observed in both <i>C. stjernvalli paravanicus</i> <b>subsp. nov.</b> (southernmost extremity of the species’ range in Georgia) and <i>C. stjernvalli kartalinicus</i> <b>subsp. nov.</b> (northern-easternmost extremity of the species’ range in Georgia), which also inhabits the Trialeti Mountain Range and its nearest surroundings in the Lesser Caucasus (see Discussion section).</p> <p> <i>C. stjernvalli bogatshevi</i> differs from <i>C. stjernvalli tabackuriensis</i> in generally somewhat more robust body, more transverse pronotum with less rounded sides and broader explanate margin distinctly widened basally; frons with less prominent, often somewhat smoothed sculpture; elytra less ovate and more parallel-sided. It is distinguishable from another closely distributed subspecies, <i>C. stjernvalli paravanicus</i> <b>subsp. nov.</b>, in many respects, first of all, in the more transverse pronotum with more emarginate apex and hind angles stronger protruded backwards.</p>Published as part of <i>Fominykh, Dmitriy D., Zamotajlov, Alexandr S., Khomitskiy, Eugeniy E. & Titarenko, Andrey Yu., 2020, Contribution to the knowledge of Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli Mannerheim, 1830 in the Caucasus, with description of two new subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabini), pp. 301-328 in Zootaxa 4729 (3)</i> on page 309, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4729.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3632662">http://zenodo.org/record/3632662</a&gt

Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli subsp. kartalinicus Fominykh & Zamotajlov & Khomitskiy & Titarenko 2020, subsp. nov.

4. <i>Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli kartalinicus</i> subsp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 48E4155D-C809-4B99-A5D0-E0C76578D91F</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 16–23, 95–96, 116, 120)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: ♂, Georgia, Kvemo-Kartli, Trialeti Mt. Range near Manglisi vill., NW part of Kartli Mt. Range, N slopes of Shikhan Mt., 2070 m, N 41°45’ / E 44°22’, pitfall traps, 07.06.- 17.07.2017 (D. Fominykh) (ZISP). Paratypes: 47♂♂, 43♀♀, same data as holotype (ZISP, MPSU, CFDD, CTAY, CZAM); 2♂♂, Georgia, Shida-Kartli, Trialeti Mt. Range near Dre vill., NW part of Razmeti Mt. Range, 1920 m, N 41°50’ / E 44°05’, 08.06.2017 (D. Fominykh) (CFDD).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Small sized subspecies (Figs. 16–23). GBL = 18.0– 24.9 mm, males 18.0–24.0 mm, females 20.7– 24.9 mm, SBL = 16.8–21.2 mm in both sexes. Body faintly elongate, ovate. Underside black, dorsum oftener with bright metallic luster, green, bronze, more seldom violet or black, in females less bright, somewhat mat; pronotum black basally, with metallic luster at sides. Head broad, a little more narrow than pronotum, HL = 3.0– 3.8 mm in males, 3.2–4.1 mm in females, HW = 3.7–4.7 mm in males, 4.2–5.0 mm in females; antennae short. Pronotum transverse, PW = 4.8–6.3 mm in males, 5.8–7.0 mm in females, PB = 3.5–4.8 mm in males, 4.3–4.8 mm in females, PL = 2.7–3.8 mm in males, 3.0– 3.9 mm in females, PW/HW = 1.2–1.5 in both sexes, PW/PL = 1.6–1.9 in both sexes, PW/PB = 1.2–1.5 in both sexes; hind angles faintly protruding posteriorly; disk rugose. Legs short. Elytra convex, EW/PW = 1.2–1.4 in both sexes; EL = 10.9–13.3 mm in males, 13.1–15.2 mm in females, EW = 6.1–7.9 mm in males, 7.0–9.0 mm in females, EL/EW = 1.6–1.9 in both sexes; elytral punctation faint, usually with only several impressions behind.</p> <p> Male genitalia (Figs. 95–96) resembles other forms of <i>C. stjernvalli</i> in the shape of the projections and lobes of endophallus, but is smaller, which seems to correlate with the general body size.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis and remarks.</b> The new subspecies differs from the other subspecies, first of all, in the consistently smaller body size 3. It also differs from both <i>C. stjernvalli stjernvalli</i> and <i>C. stjernvalli gvalijai</i> in body proportions (Table 1, Fig. 116), the elytra being generally somewhat broader. It is closest morphologically to <i>C. stjernvalli tabackuriensis</i>, but is also distinguishable by body size and proportions. The new subspecies differs from all other taxa of <i>C. stjernvalli</i> in the structure of endophallus, particularly in its less developed ventroapical lobe (Fig. 92).</p> <p> 2 Studied 2♂♂, 2♀♀, labelled “ Georgia, Ktsia, Tabatskury reserve, h = 2100, alpine zone, 41.652982° N, 43.705407° E [?41°4100.1 N, 43°3229.6 E], 12.5.2017, leg. Pavel Turek”.</p> <p> 3 Body size obviously does not correlate with the biotope altitude, since individuals with about 1.5–2.5 times larger body occur at the same elevations in different localities of the same Trialeti Mountain Range.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and habitat.</b> <i>C. stjernvalli kartalinicus</i> <b>subsp. nov.</b> is distributed in the northeastern part of the Trialeti Mountain Range, at Kartli Mountain Range, and in the northern part of Trialeti Mountain Range, at its Razmeti spur. Both areas are separated from the main distribution range of <i>C. stjernvalli</i> by arid woodlands in mountain depressions of the Trialeti Mountain Range, which, as far as we know, are not populated by <i>C. stjernvalli</i>. The new subspecies inhabits xerophytic meadows at 1920–2070 m. Activity of the imago was observed in the beginning of June in rather dense herbage. The following <i>Carabus</i> species occur together with this subspecies: <i>C. armeniacus</i>, <i>C. calleyi</i>, <i>C. clypeatus</i> Adams, 1817, <i>C. decolor</i> Fischer von Waldheim, 1823, <i>C. puschkini kolenatii</i> Chaudoir, 1846, <i>C. septemcarinatus</i> Motschulsky, 1840, and <i>C. cribratus</i>.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The subspecific epithet refers to the name of historical region in the central-to-eastern Georgia, a cradle of the Georgian statehood, Kartalinia (or Kartli) and Kartli Mountain Range proper.</p>Published as part of <i>Fominykh, Dmitriy D., Zamotajlov, Alexandr S., Khomitskiy, Eugeniy E. & Titarenko, Andrey Yu., 2020, Contribution to the knowledge of Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli Mannerheim, 1830 in the Caucasus, with description of two new subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabini), pp. 301-328 in Zootaxa 4729 (3)</i> on pages 307-308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4729.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3632662">http://zenodo.org/record/3632662</a&gt

Contribution to the knowledge of Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli Mannerheim, 1830 in the Caucasus, with description of two new subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabini)

Fominykh, Dmitriy D., Zamotajlov, Alexandr S., Khomitskiy, Eugeniy E., Titarenko, Andrey Yu. (2020): Contribution to the knowledge of Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli Mannerheim, 1830 in the Caucasus, with description of two new subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabini). Zootaxa 4729 (3): 301-328, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.3.

Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli subsp. tabackuriensis Novotny & Vorisek, Tsalka 1988

3. <i>Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli tabackuriensis</i> Novotný & Vořišek, 1988 <p>(Figs. 1, 7–14, 93–94, 116, 119)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 51♂♂, 37♀♀, Georgia, Kvemo-Kartli, Tsalka distr., 4.5 km SW of Kavta (= Chapaevka) vill., NE slopes of Buladag Mt., 1700 m, N 41°32’ / E44°01’, pitfall traps, 20.05.- 04.06.2015 (A. Zubov & R. Khryapin) (ZISP, MPSU, CFDD, CTAY, CZAM); 22♂♂, 17♀♀, Georgia, Kvemo-Kartli, Trialeti Mt. Range near Tukhmatash Pass, E slopes of Dalidag Mt., 2070 m, N 41°32’ / E43°52’, pitfall traps, 06.06.–07.2017 (D. Fominykh) (ZISP, CFDD, CTAY, CZAM); 34♂♂, 29♀♀, Georgia, Kvemo Kartli, Trialeti Mt. Range, 2.8 km to N of Chemani vill., 2000 m, N 41°44’35,40” / E 44°12’05,70”, pitfall traps, 07.06.- 10.07.2018 (D. Fominykh) (ZISP, MPSU, CFDD, CTAY, CZAM); 3♂♂, 5♀♀, Georgia, Kvemo Kartli, Trialeti Mt. Range N of Khachkhoy vill., 2100 m, N 41°43’12,50” / E 43°58’04,60”, pitfall traps, 08.06.- 10.07.2018 (D. Fominykh) (CFDD); 2♂♂, Georgia, Samtskhe-Dzhavakheti, Trialeti Mt. Range, 3 km SW of Tskhratskaro Pass, 2500 m, N 41°40’01,64” / E 43°29’40,47”, 10.06.2018 (D. Fominykh) (CFDD).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Described from two male specimens labelled (according to the original description) “Juž. Gruzia, doroga Tabackuri—Calka, 7 km ot Tabackuri 27.6.1956 V.N. Kurnakov lgt.”. Despite special efforts, we failed to find and study the type series, which was originally deposited in the private collection of J. Vořišek. However Dr. I. Solodovnikov kindly provided us with individuals from his own collection (topotypes), which originate from near the type locality 2. They fully correspond to the above mentioned material, which represents several earlier unknown populations (localities) (Fig. 1), so we confidently attribute it to <i>C. stjernvalli tabackuriensis</i>. Summarizing available distribution data we can conclude that the geographic range of this subspecies covers a rather large territory at the southern slopes of Trialeti Mountain Range at Tsalka upland, ranging to the northern part of Dzhavakheti Mountain Range. The subspecies’ range apparently spreads as well to Tabatskuri Lake in the west and even expands several km westwards, almost reaching the type locality of another subspecies, <i>C. stjernvalli bogatshevi</i> Zamotajlov, 1989 (Mount Chareli), which has been earlier synonymized with the present one (its status is discussed below).</p>Published as part of <i>Fominykh, Dmitriy D., Zamotajlov, Alexandr S., Khomitskiy, Eugeniy E. & Titarenko, Andrey Yu., 2020, Contribution to the knowledge of Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli Mannerheim, 1830 in the Caucasus, with description of two new subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabini), pp. 301-328 in Zootaxa 4729 (3)</i> on pages 306-307, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4729.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3632662">http://zenodo.org/record/3632662</a&gt

Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli Mannerheim 1830

1. <i>Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli</i> subsp.? <p>(Fig. 1)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 113♂♂, 94♀♀, Georgia, Samtskhe-Dzhavakheti, Gorelovka vill. env., SW slopes of Madatapa Mt. near Madatapa Lake, 2285 m, N 41°12’58.80” / E 43°47’46.60”, pitfall traps, 09.06.- 11.07.2018 (D. Fominykh) (ZISP, MPSU, CFDD, CTAY, CZAM, CEEK).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Surprisingly this population resembles more the spatially remote nominotypical subspecies than the neighboring geographic races (Table 1, Fig. 115). Probably it deserves status of a separate taxon, however we still do not have enough comparative material from adjacent territories for a more definite judgment.</p>Published as part of <i>Fominykh, Dmitriy D., Zamotajlov, Alexandr S., Khomitskiy, Eugeniy E. & Titarenko, Andrey Yu., 2020, Contribution to the knowledge of Carabus (Lipaster) stjernvalli Mannerheim, 1830 in the Caucasus, with description of two new subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabini), pp. 301-328 in Zootaxa 4729 (3)</i> on pages 302-303, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4729.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3632662">http://zenodo.org/record/3632662</a&gt