Effect of baby walker use on developmental status based on Ages and Stages questionnaire score

 AbstractObjectiveBaby walker is a popular device which parents use for entertainment, keeping infants safe and walking promotion. Some studies showed developmental delay in baby walker users though others reported no significant effect on development in this group. We designed this study to determine whether baby walker usage has any effect on development by using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ).  Materials & MethodsWe evaluated 107 one-year-old infants in each baby walker user group and non-users (total number of 214 participants) by using ASQ test of 12-month. We re-evaluated 168 infants at age 18-month by using ASQ test of 18-month. The data of these groups was compared.  ResultsGirls use baby walker more frequently (p=0.02). Baby walker usage was not significantly associated with parent’s educational state, mother employment, birth rank of infant and delivery method. The starting age of baby walker use was 6.61 ± 1.46 months. ASQ results in area of gross movement and fine movement were not significantly different in users and non- users at age 12 and 18 month.  ConclusionMost parents believe baby walker can promote earlier walking, but based on current evidences this belief might not be true. Although most studies showed no developmental delay in baby walker users, parents should become aware about their possible negative effects and hazards

Cholecysto-hepatic duct serving as the only drainage pathway of bile from the intrahepatic to the extrahepatic biliary system in an infant: a case report

Abstract Background Cholecystohepatic duct is a rare anomaly of the biliary system which involves drainage of bile into the gallbladder which may be associated with agenesis of the common hepatic duct or common bile duct. Case presentation A 2.5-month-old infant presented to our emergency department with icterus. He had a history of esophageal atresia and imperforate anus which had been treated surgically by thoracotomy, esophagostomy, gastrostomy and colostomy placement. Following imaging studies by ultrasound and MRCP, the diagnosis of common hepatic duct agenesis was made. Cholecystohepatic duct was present as the solitary drainage pathway of bile from the intrahepatic to extrahepatic biliary system. Conclusions Cholecystohepatic ducts need a high index of suspicion to be diagnosed on preoperative hepatobiliary imaging. As they may be asymptomatic, they are predisposed to iatrogenic injury during hepatobiliary surgeries