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    Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ массового сознания ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² социологичСских исслСдованиях

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    The article is dedicated to analysis of the approaches used to study mass consciousness and the methods of their dynamics research. The two following approaches are reviewed: aggregative and group. The author shows that the study of the dynamics of mass consciousness in the modern day science is performed via computer modeling applying agent-oriented models and mass surveys of public opinion. Special attention is given to the concept of mass consciousness according to B. Grushin, where the mass consciousness is analyzed as a complex phenomenon according to its structure and the formation process. It is further analyzed what this particular concept is able to provide for the mass consciousness studies in the times of crises, similar to the situation of the military conflict at the East. It is then proven that the dialectic approach should be used as the basis for the mass consciousness studies adjusted for the interaction dynamics between the individual and collective, spontaneous and the institutionalized inside the collective consciousness. The mass consciousness is a complex structural formation, both heterogeneous and syncretical. Inside this structure one must distinguish between the layers that differ in depth and mobility and pay attention to its various conditions. The layers represent different worldviews, where, depending on the situation, scientific, religious or mystical images of the world can be actualized along with their ideological, moral and aesthetic precepts. These can cross, merge or coexist without contradicting each other and get actualized to a different extent. Besides the aforementioned the mass consciousness serves as a carrier of different kinds of deep, hard to change formations, such as Β«historical/collective memoryΒ», memlexes as well as superficial, most actualized forms, such as mems. It has Β«public/formalΒ», socially accepted, and Β«private/realΒ» levels that manifest themselves, in particular, in the forms of doublethink. In the conditions of military conflict all of this is getting complicated by the social mimicry. The states of mass consciousness are – public opinion and public attitude. In order to perform analysis of the interactions of spontaneous and institutional signal types inside the mass consciousness one can use the instruments of TouchPoint analysis applied in marketing.Π£ статті Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ визначСння масової свідомості Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ дослідТСння Ρ—Ρ— Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π° Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. Особлива ΡƒΠ²Π°Π³Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρ–Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†Ρ–Ρ— масової свідомості Π‘. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ½Π°, Π² якій масова ΡΠ²Ρ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ” складним Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΡŽ Ρ‚Π° процСсом формування. Π—β€™ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Ρ‰ΠΎ ця концСпція ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ для дослідТСння масової свідомості Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ–ΠΎΠ΄, яким Ρ” ситуація Π²Ρ–ΠΉΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»Ρ–ΠΊΡ‚Ρƒ Π½Π° Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ– Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ. Показано, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠ° масової свідомості Π² сучасній Π½Π°ΡƒΡ†Ρ– Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π·Π° допомогою ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏβ€™ΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлювання Π· застосуванням Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎ-ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Ρ”Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π° масових ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°Π½ΡŒ ΡΡƒΡΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠΊΠΈ. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ– Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ здійснити Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‚Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½Π΅ модСлювання процСсів формування ΡΡƒΡΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠΊΠΈ Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠΊ, Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ–Π΄ Ρ—Ρ… подібності Ρ‚Π° простору Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ—. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π΅ модСлювання дСмонструє процСс ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒΠ½Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— ΡΡƒΡΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠΊΠΈ, Π²Ρ–Π΄ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ…ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡΡŒ Π²Ρ–Π΄ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ бачСння ΡΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ, Ρ–Π³Π½ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ зміст ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒΠ½Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ—. ΠœΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ– опитування, Π½Π°Π²ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΈ, сконцСнтровані ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° змісті масової свідомості. Ѐіксація Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° завдяки ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌ. Π’ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ– особливості масової свідомості, як Π±Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡˆΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π²ΠΈΠ±Ρ–Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ сприйняття Ρ–Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ—. Π”Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Ρ‰ΠΎ масова ΡΠ²Ρ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° процСсами Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ— Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ– ΡΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π΄Ρ–ΡΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– Ρ‚Π° інституційними Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. З’ясовано Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ†ΡŒΠΊΡ– моТливості Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дослідТСння, як TouchPoint Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π· для Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ— стихійного Ρ‚Π° інституційного Π² масовій свідомості.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ массового сознания ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ исслСдования Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°: Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ОсобоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ массового сознания Π‘. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ½Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ массовоС сознаниС являСтся слоТным структурным ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅ΡΡΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ. РассматриваСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ эта концСпция ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ для исслСдования массового сознания Π² кризисный ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ являСтся ситуация Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π° Π½Π° востокС Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹.Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° массового сознания Π² соврСмСнной Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠ΅ исслСдуСтся с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлирования с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎ-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ массовых опросов общСствСнного мнСния. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ процСссов формирования общСствСнного мнСния ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ зависит ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ совпадСния ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ пространства взаимодСйствия. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ дСмонстрируСт процСсс ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ общСствСнного мнСния, Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΡΡŒ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ общности, игнорируя содСрТаниС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠœΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ опросы, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚, сконцСнтрированы прСимущСствСнно Π½Π° содСрТании массового сознания. Ѐиксация Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° благодаря ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌ. Они ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ особСнности массового сознания, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΈΠ·Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ восприятия ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ДСмонстрируСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ массовоС сознаниС Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ процСссами взаимодСйствия Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ совмСстной Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ воздСйствиями. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ возмоТности Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ TouchPoint Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· для Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° взаимодСйствия стихийного ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² массовом сознании

    Genetic polymorphisms associated with the inflammatory response in bacterial meningitis

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    BACKGROUND Bacterial meningitis (BM) is an infectious disease that results in high mortality and morbidity. Despite efficacious antibiotic therapy, neurological sequelae are often observed in patients after disease. Currently, the main challenge in BM treatment is to develop adjuvant therapies that reduce the occurrence of sequelae. In recent papers published by our group, we described the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) AADAT +401C > T, APEX1 Asn148Glu, OGG1 Ser326Cys and PARP1 Val762Ala and BM. In this study, we analyzed the associations between the SNPs TNF -308G > A, TNF -857C > T, IL-8 -251A > T and BM and investigated gene-gene interactions, including the SNPs that we published previously. METHODS The study was conducted with 54 BM patients and 110 healthy volunteers (as the control group). The genotypes were investigated via primer-introduced restriction analysis-polymerase chain reaction (PIRA-PCR) or polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were also associated with cytokine and chemokine levels, as measured with the x-MAP method, and cell counts. We analyzed gene-gene interactions among SNPs using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. RESULTS We did not find significant association between the SNPs TNF -857C > T and IL-8 -251A > T and the disease. However, a higher frequency of the variant allele TNF -308A was observed in the control group, associated with changes in cytokine levels compared to individuals with wild type genotypes, suggesting a possible protective role. In addition, combined inter-gene interaction analysis indicated a significant association between certain genotypes and BM, mainly involving the alleles APEX1 148Glu, IL8 -251Β T and AADAT +401Β T. These genotypic combinations were shown to affect cyto/chemokine levels and cell counts in CSF samples from BM patients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study revealed a significant association between genetic variability and altered inflammatory responses, involving important pathways that are activated during BM. This knowledge may be useful for a better understanding of BM pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic approaches

    Cockayne Syndrome: The many challenges and approaches to understand a multifaceted disease

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    Microplasma : a new generation of technology for functional nanomaterial synthesis

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    Plasma technology has been widely applied in the ozone production, material modification, gas/water cleaning, etc. Various nanomaterials were produced by thermal plasma technology. However, the high temperature process and low uniformity products limit their application for the high value added chemicals synthesis, for example the functional materials or the temperature sensitive materials. Microplasma has attracted significant attentions from various fields owing to its unique characteristics, like the high-pressure operation, non-equilibrium chemistry, continuous-flow, microscale geometry and self-organization phenomenon. Its application on the functional nanomaterial synthesis was elaborately discussed in this review paper. Firstly, the main physical parameters were reviewed, which include the electron temperature, electron energy distribution function, electron density and the gas temperature. Then four representative microplasma configurations were categorized, and the proper selection of configuration was summarized in light of different conditions. Finally the synthesis, mechanism and application of some typical nanomaterials were introduced
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