Menerima �Kepengaturan� Negara, Membayangkan Kemakmuran: Etnografi Tentang Pemukiman dan Perubahan Sosial Orang Suku Laut di Pulau Bertam, Kepulauan Riau

This thesis discusses the reasons why the nomadic sea tribe, Orang Laut, in Riau Islands Province, Indonesia, accepted state governmentality (Foucault 1991) by choosing to live in a land settlement offered by a Resettlement Program in the mid-1980s. In the age of nation-states, the Indonesian government characterised the Orang Laut as an 'isolated and impoverished community', and took it upon itself to improve the community's welfare. The Resettlement Program has had many negative repercussions for the Sea Nomads' everyday lives. Considering these, it only becomes natural to ask why the nomads chose life as land dwellers instead of returning to boat-dwelling and retaining their sea tribe identities. In which ways did their perceptions of the space of boat-dwellers transform so as to adapt to the life of land dwellers? In this Indonesian case study, the answer lies in the implications of the community's political choices to acquire \"new identities\": as Orang Bertam. This identities redefinition demonstrated how in relation to their clan association, transformation of the Sea nomads' perception of space as boat-dwellers to one of land-dwellers is quite different from the original government design. They no longer maintain Batin as their traditional leader based on his inherent advantages. Furthermore, to live on land means that they will continue to gain benefits from their \"new identity\" as poor fishermen in the form of Resettlement Program aids

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

•We report INICC device-associated module data of 50 countries from 2010-2015.•We collected prospective data from 861,284 patients in 703 ICUs for 3,506,562 days.•DA-HAI rates and bacterial resistance were higher in the INICC ICUs than in CDC-NHSN's.•Device utilization ratio in the INICC ICUs was similar to CDC-NHSN's. Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically