Multiscale Morphological Filtering for Analysis of Noisy and Complex Images

Images acquired with passive sensing techniques suffer from illumination variations and poor local contrasts that create major difficulties in interpretation and identification tasks. On the other hand, images acquired with active sensing techniques based on monochromatic illumination are degraded with speckle noise. Mathematical morphology offers elegant techniques to handle a wide range of image degradation problems. Unlike linear filters, morphological filters do not blur the edges and hence maintain higher image resolution. Their rich mathematical framework facilitates the design and analysis of these filters as well as their hardware implementation. Morphological filters are easier to implement and are more cost effective and efficient than several conventional linear filters. Morphological filters to remove speckle noise while maintaining high resolution and preserving thin image regions that are particularly vulnerable to speckle noise were developed and applied to SAR imagery. These filters used combination of linear (one-dimensional) structuring elements in different (typically four) orientations. Although this approach preserves more details than the simple morphological filters using two-dimensional structuring elements, the limited orientations of one-dimensional elements approximate the fine details of the region boundaries. A more robust filter designed recently overcomes the limitation of the fixed orientations. This filter uses a combination of concave and convex structuring elements. Morphological operators are also useful in extracting features from visible and infrared imagery. A multiresolution image pyramid obtained with successive filtering and a subsampling process aids in the removal of the illumination variations and enhances local contrasts. A morphology-based interpolation scheme was also introduced to reduce intensity discontinuities created in any morphological filtering task. The generality of morphological filtering techniques in extracting information from a wide variety of images obtained with active and passive sensing techniques is discussed. Such techniques are particularly useful in obtaining more information from fusion of complex images by different sensors such as SAR, visible, and infrared

Mechanoluminescnce and photoluminescence in gamma irradiated NaCl:Eu

Rare earth (RE) ions posses unique optical behavior when doped into phosphors. Eu2+ activated phosphors find use in many applications. Eu2+ emission arises from the lowest band of 4f6 5d configuration to 8S7/2  state of 4f7. NaCl having different concentrations of Eu were prepared by melt technique. The crystals of small sizes were cleaved from the grown crystal block and crushed to obtain powder or microcrystalline form of NaCl. Annealed samples were exposed to gamma rays at dose level 0.930kGy. Mechanoluminescnce (ML) was excited impulsively by dropping a load of mass 0.4 kg with the impact velocity of   0.6 ms-1 on to it. An intense ML peak was observed in its ML glow curve. ML intensity increases with increasing concentration of dopant. ML emission spectrum shows a single peak at 482 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) of the sample has also been recorded and a single peak at 427 nm was observed. Shift in ML and PL emission spectrum was observed

An Interactive System for Concurrent Engineering Design

The methods in delivering engineering design have gone through evolvement where the effectiveness of conventional methods is decreasing. However, the importance of concurrent engineering design approach has tremendously increased due to the ever competitive world today. This is the reason why engineering designers are concern about the methods of delivering design and one of the recent interests is using interactive system to deliver design. In this paper, the construction of interactive system will be discussed followed by the experimental setup. Experiments will be conducted in the form of performing few selected tasks with the interactive system and comparison will be made with the conventional design approach. Comparison will be done by collecting feedback through questionnaires from the participants who are involved in the experiments. Feedback will be analysed to identify the feasibility of interactive concurrent engineering design system

Reactions of Hafnium Tetrachloride with Benzoyl Hydrazones

Hafnium tetrachloride reacts with monofunctional bidentate (BHyH) and bifunctional tridentate (BHy\u27H2) benzoyl hydrazones (derived from the condensation of benzoyl hydrazine with different aldehydes/ketones) in refluxing dichloromethane to form products of the type, HfC13(BHy), HfC12(BHy)2 and HfCb(BHy\u27). These reaction products have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, electrical conductance measurements and spectral (infrared and electronic) data

Reactions of Hafnium Tetrachloride with Benzoyl Hydrazones

Hafnium tetrachloride reacts with monofunctional bidentate (BHyH) and bifunctional tridentate (BHy\u27H2) benzoyl hydrazones (derived from the condensation of benzoyl hydrazine with different aldehydes/ketones) in refluxing dichloromethane to form products of the type, HfC13(BHy), HfC12(BHy)2 and HfCb(BHy\u27). These reaction products have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, electrical conductance measurements and spectral (infrared and electronic) data

જોસેફ મેકવાન અને જગદીશચંદ્રની નવલકથાઓઃ એક તુલનાત્મક અધ્યયન

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Sol gel synthesis and photoluminescence study of Eu3+ doped SnO2

Tin oxide(IV) nanophosphor doped with europium had been prepared by sol-gel technique using SnCl4 as precurser. XRD, IR, SEMand TEM analyses were used for characterization of SnO2:Eu3+. The XRD analysis shows that well crystallized tetragonal rutile SnO2:Eu3+ can be obtained by this method and the crystal size was about 15-20nm as an average for the sample calcined at 400ºC for 2h. The evolution of the most important functional groups during the steps involved in this synthesis route is explained in view of the results obtained with FTIR and XRD.  A spherical like morphology of the prepared  SnO2 nanoparticles was observed in the SEM and TEM studies. The SnO2 nanoparticles show stable photoluminescence emission intensity at 612 nm (5D0/7F2) of the Eu3+ ions activated SnO2 nanocrystals  This paper discuss the mechanistic approach of origin of luminescence in SnO2

Optical properties of calcium aluminate phosphors

Thermoluminescence properties of CaAl2O4 was studied. It was found that firstly the TL intensity increases with increase in UV irradiation time and it attains a maximum value for 20 minute irradiation time. TL intensity decreases with further increase in irradiation time