Long-term Follow-up Study of Pulmonary Function Test in Children with History of Hydrocarbon Aspiration

Background Aspiration of hydrocarbons causes several acute and chronic pulmonary complications; it may even lead to death. The aim of this study was to investigate the types of long-term pulmonary complications in children with a history of hydrocarbon aspiration. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, 21 children with history of hydrocarbon aspiration in the past 1-10 years were considered as case group, and 63 children without history of toxicity were regarded as the control group. The two groups were matched in terms of age and gender. Both groups underwent physical examination (such as height, weight and body mass index), and pulmonary function tests by spirometry. Pulmonary function was categorized based on three spirometric patterns, normal, obstructive, and restrictive. In addition, the baseline characteristics of children and information obtained from clinical and paraclinical examinations during poisoning were recorded in a researcher-made checklist. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16.0). Results The percentage of normal, obstructive and restrictive spirometric patterns were 61.89%, 28.58%, and 9.52% in the case group, and 88.88%, 11.11% and 0% in the control group, respectively (P 0.05). The results of the pulmonary function test were not related to the time elapsed from poisoning (P> 0.05). Conclusion Based on the results, long-term hydrocarbon poisoning caused pulmonary dysfunction in terms of spirometric patterns in children. Keywords:Aspiration; Children; Hydrocarbons; Poisoning; Pulmonary functio

The relationship of serum vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus levels of mothers with growth indices of their newborns in pregnant women admitted to Hajar hospital of Shahrekord in 2016

Background and aims: Vitamin D deficiency is a known pandemic problem which has thousands of bad health outcomes. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of maternal vitamin D, Ca, and PO4 levels on growth indexes of newborns at birth and 1 month and 3 months after delivery in pregnant women admitted to Hajar hospital of Shahrekord, Iran in 2016. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 196 pregnant women admitted to the hospital. During pregnancy, 5 mL of mother’s blood and 5 mL of umbilical cord blood were taken. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were determined immediately after sampling and then centrifuged. After collecting the samples, 25-OHD levels were measured by ELISA method. Neonatal growth indexes such as weight, height, and head circumference atbirth,1 month, and 3 months were measured. Data were analyzed using independent samples t test, ANOVA, and correlation coefficient by SPSS version 16.0. Results: Deficiency of vitamin D, phosphorus, and calcium was observed in 76%, 1%, and 25% of women, respectively. Moreover, deficiency of vitamin D, phosphorus, and calcium was reportedin56.1%, 15.8%, and 9.2% of newborns, respectively. There was a significant relationship between calcium level in newborns and their weight and height at birth, one month, and three months of age ( P<0.05). Levels of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus of mother and newborns were significantly correlated ( P<0.05). Conclusion: More than two-thirds of mothers and more than half of the newborns were deficient in vitamin D. There was also a lack of calcium in one third of mothers and 9.2% of newborns, and phosphorus deficiency was observed only in 1% of mothers and 15.8% of newborns. Due to the low intake of these materials through nutrition, the supplementation of these substances, especially vitamin D and calcium, is required during pregnancy. Keywords: Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphor, Biometry, Newbor

Accuracy of fine needle aspiration compared to core needle biopsy in breast masses

Background and aims: Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women, the early diagnosis of which is made by physical examination, mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy of breast masses. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) compared to core needle biopsy (CNB) in breast masses. Methods: The current descriptive study was conducted in Kashani and Hajar hospitals in 2015. And a total of 200 patients diagnosed with breast masses participated in this study. First, patients referred to the clinic, received local anesthesia in the area, and then underwent FNA using 10 cc syringes and 23G needles, and simultaneously CNB specimens were taken by a special needle for diagnosis. FNA and CNB specimens were transferred to the Pathology Department with a few day interval for cytological interpretation. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of FNA compared to CNB in the diagnosis of malignant breast masses were 83.9% and 89.9%, respectively. Moreover, the positive and negative predictive values of FNA for breast masses were 78.8% and 92.5%, respectively. The accuracy of FNA test for breast masses was also 0.88%. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, FNA test had a high sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value in the diagnosis of breast masses. Therefore, it could be used as an appropriate diagnostic tool, and could obviously save many costs as well. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration, Core needle biopsy, Breast mas

Effects of sound pillow in the treatment of stuttering and cognitive phonemes impairment in children

Introduction:Verbal language is Fundamental component for expressing ideas, social interaction and understanding educational materials. Effective communications require verbal language skills. Sound pillows may partly address the children with behavior problems. The purpose of this study was assessing the effect of educational sound pillow in the treatment of stuttering and cognitive phonemes impairment in children. Methods:This is a clinical trial study in which the statistical community, including pre-school children to children who finish primary school in Shahrekord who referring to pediatric psychiatric clinic for treatment. Twenty-seven Children with stuttering randomly assigned to control group (13 children who will treated with speech therapy) and case group (14 children who will treat with speech therapy and sound pillow). Tthirty-three children with cognitive phonemes impairment randomly assigned to control group (17 children who will treated with speech therapy) and case group (16 children who will treat with speech therapy and sound pillow). Group therapy was hold twice a week, each session for forty minutes in which children treated with speech therapy techniques. In case group in addition to speech therapy sound pillow was used, three sessions a week each meeting for half an hour (15 minutes at the beginning of sleep and 15 minutes at the end of sleep) for a month. Intensity of abnormalities was measured before and after treatment. Data analysis was done by SPSS software with Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Mannwithny test. Result:Severity of Stuttering and cognitive phonemes impairment in both groups were similar before treatment (P>0/05). Significant decrease in the severity of stuttering and cognitive phonemes impairment was occurred after treatment in both groups (P0/05).In other words, adding sound pillow had no effects on the treatment of stuttering and cognitive phonemes impairment. Discussion:Adding sound pillow to conventional treatment (speech therapy) had no effects on the treatment of stuttering and cognitive phonemes impairment

The application of Cox regression model to investigate influential factors on the admission to higher education in holders of health associate degree in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences

Introduction and Aims: The present study tries to investigate factors influencing continuing studies among graduates of associate of health sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (SKUMS).Methods: For this descriptive-analytical study, educational profiles of all health graduates of SKUMS between 1986- 2005 were examined and the data was gathered through a researcher-developed checklist and also phone calls. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 16 using Cox regression.Results: From 398 respondents of the study with a mean age of 22.2 ± 2.25 (range: 20-39), 140 (35.2%) were male and remaining were female. Generally, 206 (51.8%) graduates had been entered to higher education. According to Cox regression, some factors, e.g. age, gender, marital status, residency, and GPA of associate of health sciences, were significantly effective on continuing studies and some others including associate course of study, course period, and diploma GPA had no significant effect on the chance of entrance to higher education levels.Conclusion: Growing older, one gradually enters other living arenas like marriage, making continuing studies marginalized. Therefore, it could be assumed that the factors influencing continuing studies should be considered a whole, i.e., the circumstances should be prepared to facilitate continuing studies before growing older and facing consequent life issues.*Corresponding author: Mahmoud Mobasheri.E-mail: [email protected]

Effect of face-to-face training and pamphlets in reducing anxiety in 7-25 years old clients referred to echocardiography

Introduction: Echocardiography is a diagnostic test in that ultrasound waves are used for producing images of the heart muscle and valves. Echocardiography provides a series of useful information about the heart and its function for treatment purpose. It is especially useful for assessing valvular heart disease. Although it has no known side effect, but similar to any other medical procedure, it is associated with stress and discomfort. Hence, trusting and eliminating patients' stress should be started from the first moment. This study review beneficial effects, method, and possible side effects of echocardiography and assess the effect of face-to-face training and pamphlets in reducing anxiety. Methods: In this clinical trial, 7-25 year children referring echocardiography center of Hajar hospital in Shahrekord was selected by convinced sampling. 90 selected subjects randomly allocated into three groups of 30 subjects (one control group and two groups) groups. Pamphlets and booklets about echocardiography and face-to-face education by a physician for 15 minutes were presented to two groups. Spielbergers anxiety questionnaire were filled before and after training. Data analysis was done by SPSS software using chi square tests, ANOVA and paired t test. Results: Obvious Anxiety prior to echocardiography, in the trained group by Pamphlets was 47/9±9/6, in the trained group by face-to-face education 48/2±11/5, And in control group 46/5±31/1 respectively. In spite of decreasing obvious and hidden anxiety after echocardiography (P0/05). Discussion: In all groups, obvious anxiety after echocardiography was significantly less than anxiety before echocardiography. Although hidden anxiety after echocardiography decreased in control group and trained group by face-to-face education, but it has not changed in the trained group by Pamphlets. anyway in the three groups was not significantly different