Effects of the methane-inhibitors Nitrophenol, 5-Nitrobenzimidazol and two new synthetic nitrocompounds on in vitro ruminal fermentation

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of four nitrocompounds (Nitrophenol, 5-Nitrobenzimidazol and two synthetic nitrocompounds ABLE 244 and ABLE 245) on methane production and fermentation characteristics using in vitro rumen batch culture. 0, 2, 8 or 12 µM of each nitrocompound were incubated. The higher concentrations of Nitrophenol and 5-Nitrobenzimidazol produced 60% less CH (P < 0.05) compared to controls, while two synthetic nitrocompounds ABLE 244 and ABLE 245 had no effect on CH production. Quantification of fermentation end-products indicated that fermentation efficiencies were not compromised by the nitro-treatments.We gratefully acknowledge Elisabeth JIMENEZ and Ricardo GARCÍA TREJO from (EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain) for their technical assistance. We also thank the contributions of the staff members of the Structural Molecular and Environmental Chemistry Research Unit (CHEMS), University-Constantine, Algeria.Peer Reviewe

A comparative study on chemical profile and biological activities of aerial parts (stems, flowers, leaves, pods and seeds) of Astragalus gombiformis

The present work aims to characterize the chemical profile of phenolic compounds and some biological activities of Astragalus gombiformis. The butanolic fractions of five aerial organs (stems, flowers, leaves, pods and seeds) were quantified and identified by LC–MS analysis. The results were revealed the presence of 13 phenolic compounds (quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, transfrulic acid, Hyperoside (quercetin-3-o-galactoside, Quercetrin (quercetin-3-o-rhamonoside), Apegenin-7-o-glucoside, kampherol, Naringenin, Apegenin, Luteolin, Cirsiliol, Cirsilineol and Acacetin. In terms of biological activities, the antioxidant,α-amylase inhibitory and anticholinesterase were determined. The butanolic extract from flowers showed the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS(IC50: 16, 43 ± 0, 46 and 16, 13 ± 0, 35 μg/mL) very closer with standards tested and week activity with Galvinoxyl radical (GOR) (IC50: 583, 95 ± 2, 20 μg/mL), while other organ's extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. The leaves extract was found to exhibit the highest inhibitory effect against BChE (IC50: 165,54 ± 3,49 μg/mL) compared by the other parts which give a weak inhibitory effect at 200 μg/mL. A significant alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was displayed by seeds, leaves, pods and stems extracts (IC50:76.41 ± 3.72; 74.61 ± 3.68; 88.13 ± 1.81 and 83.81 ± 1.74 μg/mL) more the standard used. Based on these results, it is right to conclude that A. gombiformis is important source of the natural anti-diabetic, antioxidants and anti-Alzheimer′s disease.The authors are grateful to the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the National Centre for Biotechnology Research (C.R.B.T) for their respective financial and material supports