Causes of maternal mortality at tertiary care hospital

Background: Maternal mortality is a vital index of quality and efficiency of obstetric service, prevailing in a country. Women comprise an important section of any population and during child bearing period, the threat to life is protected by various preventive and therapeutic measures and many a time by surgical intervention.Methods: A thorough analysis of data collected. Information was obtained from case sheets, laboratory investigations. During the present study, total births include live births, still births and deaths due to abortions are also included, since it is ‘one of the important causes of maternal deaths.Results: According to the above table Eclampsia is the main cause of direct death. Out of 25vaginal deliveries 7 cases died due to PPH (26.92%).Conclusions: Maternal Mortality is a global problem every country in the world is facing .We need to target specific interventions for specific population

Use of Schiller’s test versus Pap smear to increase detection rate of cervical dysplasias

Background: Application of Lugol's iodine to cervix (Schiller's test) is named as Visual Inspection of cervix after applying Lugol's Iodine (VILI). VILI improves the detection rate of suspicious area over the cervix. The objectives of the study was to screening for early carcinoma or Dysplasia cervix by Schiller’s test & Pap smear and to compare the results of Schiller’s test with Pap smear results.Methods: The present prospective randomized control trials study was undertaken among 500 women aged between 25-65 years outpatient’s Department of gynecology in Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS) Bellary. The study was undertaken during January 2007 to June 2008. Permission for the study was obtained from the College authorities prior to commencement.Results: Out of total 500 patients screened for Pap smear and Schiller’s iodine, majority were in the age group of 31-40 years. Biopsy proven dysplasia was more common in patients with white discharge (10.8%), post-menopausal bleeding (16.6%) and in posts coital bleeding (15.3%). 180 cases were Schiller’s iodine test positive, out of which biopsy proven cases were more in non-specific chronic cervicitis (68.88%) and rest seen in cervical epithelial abnormalities ( 7.7%), Mild dysplasia (10%), Moderate and Severe dysplasia 13%. Cytological abnormalities were found in 48 (9.6%), 180 cases were Schiller’s iodine test positive (36%). Among these 180 Schiller’s positive cases 24 cases (13.33%) were CIN2 and CIN 3 lesions. 42 patients were Schiller’s test guided biopsy proven for cervical dysplasia, of which only 16 patients (8.88%) were Pap smear positive. The sensitivity of Schiller’s test and Pap smear were 97.67% and 38% respectively.Conclusions: This study reveals that Schiller’s test can be use full in low resource setting and in busy outpatient departments

Synthesis and crystal structure analysis of 2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-phenylimidazo2,1-b1,3,4thiadiazole and its chlorophenyl derivative

Preparations of 2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-phenylimidazo2,1-b1,3,4thiadiazole (3a) and its chlorophenyl derivative (3b) are described. Preliminary analysis was done spectroscopically by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra, mass spectra and elemental analyses. Further the structures were confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analyses. The compound (3a) has crystallized in a triclinic P-1 space group with three independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, while the compound (3b) belongs to P21/c space group with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The molecule (3b) differs from molecule (3a) by the presence of chlorine substituent. Additionally, the imidazo-thiadiazole entity is as usual planar. Intramolecular C-Hâ¯N hydrogen bonding between the imidazole and the phenyl ring of the molecule can be observed in (3a) & (3b). The molecules of (3a) are linked into two dimensional supramolecular hexagonal hydrogen bonded network sustained by C-Hâ¯F interaction, while those of (3b) are linked by bifurcated C-Hâ¯N interactions. Further, the molecular packing of both the compounds is stabilized by Ï-Ï stacking interactions between the benzene and imidazo-thiadiazole ring systems. © 2011 Elsevier B.V

Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of 2-(Fluorobenzyl)-6-(4-Nitrophenyl) Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]Thiadiazole

Preparation of 2-(4-fluorobexzyl)-6-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole is described and its crystal structure is discussed. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 39.941(6) Å, b = 5.698(2) Å, c = 13.272(5) Å β = 90.880°, V = 3020(2) Å3, z = 8. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intermolecular C-H…N,C-H…O,C-H…S, and C-H…F interactions

3-{[6-(4-Chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-1,2-benzoxazole

In the title compound, C18H11ClN4OS, the benzisoxazole and imidazothiadiazole rings are inclined at an angle of 23.81 (7)degrees with respect to each other. The imidazothiadiazole and chlorophenyl rings make a dihedral angle of 27.34 (3)degrees. In the crystal, intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot N interactions generate a chain along the c axis and C-H center dot center dot center dot O interactions form centrosymmetric dimers resulting in an R-2(2)(26) graph-set motif. Moreover, the C-H center dot center dot center dot N and S center dot center dot center dot N [3.206 (4) angstrom] interactions links the molecules into R(7) ring motifs. The packing is further stabilized by pi-pi stacking interactions between the thiadiazole rings with a shortest centroid-centroid distance of 3.497 (3) angstrom. In addition, C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions are observed in the crystal structur

Crystal and Molecular Structure of 7-Methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1] benzothieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4[3H] one

X-ray characterization of 7-methyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro[1] benzothieno [2,3-d] pyrimidin-4[3H] one is described. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a=7.0013(2) angstrom, b=8.3116(3)angstrom, c=18.374(6)angstrom, beta=91.746(2)degrees, V=1068.76(6)angstrom(3), z=4. The structure was solved using the direct method and refined to reliability R-factor of 0.0639 using 3180 independent reflections The crystal structure is further stabilized by intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot N C-H center dot center dot center dot O, N-H center dot center dot center dot O, and pi-pi interactions

Synthesis, spectroscopic and crystal structure analysis of 2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo2,1-b1,3,4thiadiazole and its morpholinomethyl derivative

The preparation of 2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-morpholin-1-ylmethyl imidazo2,1-b1,3,4thiadiazole via the intermediate 2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)Imidazo2,1-b1,3,4 thiadiazole is described. Elemental analysis, IR spectrum, 1H NMR and X-ray crystal structure analyses were carried out to determine the compositions and molecular structures of the two compounds. The crystal packing exhibits intermolecular C-H...O, C-H...N, C-H...F and Ï-Ï stacking interactions leading to the formation of the supramolecular network. © 2011

Pharmaceutico analytical study of Shodhita Shilajatu

Background: Shilajatu or Adrija is one of the Maharasa, which is considered as a wonderful medicine in Ayurveda. It is named as it comes out of the stones heated by the sun in summer in the form of thick blackish exudation having many shades. Since it contain stone, mud, wood, sand and various physical and metallic impurities, Shodhana (Purification) of Shilajatu is a mandatory procedure. It has been used as a prime ingredient in many formulations mainly for Prameha, Sotha, Pandu Roga, Kshaya, Swasa, Pliha Vrudhi, Jwara, Agnimandya, Apasmara, etc. Objectives: Shodhana of Ashudha Shilajatu and Physico chemical analysis of Shodhita Shilajatu. Materials & Methods: Bhringaraja Swarasa for Shodhana of Shilajatu. Results:It took 8 days for completion of Shilajatu Shodhana. XRD Analysis report indicates that the sample Shilajatu was Amorphous material. Conclusion: Total yield of Shodhita Shilajatu was 99.6%. The Sample of Shilajatu was found to be Amorphous material in XRD Analysis hence crystal structure was not identified