Organizing of Independent Cognitive Activity of Teachers in the Context of Didactics and Neuroscience

The article substantiates that in the context of organizing the independent cognitive activity of teachers in the post-Soviet space, the process of improving their qualifications, which takes place on the basis of their free choice of forms of education, programs and educational institutions, is of particular importance. At the heart of this choice, decision-making on independent cognitive activity and emotional-motivational resource are not only external stimuli, but also neurophysiological and psychological mechanisms. The purpose of the study is a scientific substantiation of the necessary and sufficient psychological and pedagogical conditions and models of organization of independent cognitive activity of teachers of secondary schools in the process of competence development. The analysis of the experimental data showed a noticeable difference between samples B3 and B4 at the end of the experiment for each of the defined criteria, as well as for the general indicator of the organizing of independent cognitive activity. The results obtained during the pedagogical experiment proved that the organizing of independent cognitive activity of teachers on the basis of the author's model helped to increase the effectiveness of this activity. During the discussion, it was proved that an important component of a person's professional training for any activity, especially in educational, is the development of neurophysiological and psychological potential for subjective self-determination of self-learning, self-improvement, and in micro-development - for independent choice and decision-making in a situation of cognitive or activity-related uncertainty. Therefore, decision-making is a basic component of any constructive activity.</p

Resilience of Economy: Its Essence and Challenges for Ukraine

The article is concerned with the conception of resilience, originated from ecological studies and then subsequently applied to social and economic systems. The aim of the study is to determine the contents of the concept of «resilience» and identify the key challenges of resilience with regard to the Ukrainian economy in the 21st century. The essence of the concepts of «resilience», «resilience of economy», existing approaches to their interpretation, difference from the concepts of «sustainability» and «stability» were studied; the key risks and shocks that posed the challenges in terms of resilience of the Ukrainian economy in the 21st century are identified and examined. It is defined that resilience in the economy means the ability of the system to recover and adapt after crisis, stressful situations. The concept of resilience differs from sustainability and stability, emphasizing the post-event adaptation of the system. Two approaches to understanding resilience have been defined: the first is focused on recovering the system to equilibrium after crisis events, and the second – on the constant adaptation to changes. Situations in Ukraine, such as the global financial crisis of 2008, russian aggression in 2014, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the russian invasion in 2022, have significantly affected the country’s economy and underlined the need to develop resilient mechanisms to ensure sustainability and recovery from shock events. The importance of understanding and researching the conception of resilience for the development of effective strategies for crisis management and creation of stable economic systems in changing conditions is substantiated. Implementation of experience and study of resilience factors of other countries that faced similar challenges after military conflicts can be useful for Ukraine to overcome the crisis, ensure stability and growth, as well as preserve the potential for further development after the cease of the war

Особливості когнітивних порушень у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2 типу з коморбідними постковідними розладами

Background: the consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still remain the significant problem for the health care system in the world. In addition, the long-term consequences have been insufficiently studied and predicted for central nervous system in post covid period. The cognitive impairments and affective disorders have been one of the main components of post covid syndrome. It is important for studying especially which cognitive domains could be effected and in which cases in different groups of patients with chronic deseases. These aspects have not been studied well in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) as the risk group for long-term post covid complications. Aim: the revealing of the affection of probable cognitive domains due to the long-term postcovid effects in DM 2. Results: by the review of studies, the cognitive impairments of such functions: memory, attention, executive functions and language -&nbsp;detected in patients of post covid period. In DM 2 it can correlate with the affection of such domains - operational thinking, attention, memory and executive functions. Conclusions: therefore, it is so important in terms of medication compliance and adherence to treatment, as a result - the negative impact on DM 2 treatment efficiency and quality of life level.Актуальність: наслідки пандемії SARS-CoV-2 досі залишаються важливою проблемою для системи охорони здоров’я у світі. Крім того, недостатньо вивченими та прогнозованими є наслідки для центральної нервової системи у віддалений постковідний період. Когнітивні порушення та афективні розлади стали одними з основних компонентів постковідного синдрому. Це важливо для вивчення особливостей того, які когнітивні домени можуть бути вражені і в яких випадках, у різних груп пацієнтів із хронічними захворюваннями. Ці аспекти є недостатньо вивченими у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2 типу (ЦД 2) як групи ризику виникнення постковідних ускладнень. Мета: дослідження ураження певних когнітивних доменів у результаті віддалених наслідків постковідних розладів у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2 типу. Результати: за результатами огляду досліджень, у пацієнтів із постковідними розладами когнітивний дефіцит зазвичай проявляється ураженням саме таких когнітивних доменів при наявності постковідного синдрому: пам'ять, увага, виконавчі функції, швидкість обробки інформації та мовлення. У пацієнтів із ЦД 2 ймовірно можуть уражатися: оперативне мислення, увага, пам'ять, виконавчі функції та швидкість обробки інформації. Висновки: зниження рівня когнітивного функціонування є важливим в аспекті медикаментозного комплаєнсу та прихильності до лікування, і відповідно — може спричинити негативні наслідки на ефективність лікування та якість життя пацієнтів із ЦД 2

The Impact of Training Highly Qualified Personnel on Scientific and Economic Development

The aim of the study is to determine the impact of training highly qualified personnel on scientific and economic development. To achieve the goal of the study, the methods of logical, statistical, correlation analysis, as well as the matrix approach to positioning countries of the world are used. The article puts forward and proves the hypothesis of a significant positive impact of indicators characterizing the level of training highly qualified personnel on indicators characterizing the condition of scientific sphere and scientific results, as well as economic results of the country for selected advanced nations of the world successfully implementing an innovative model of economic development. For Ukraine, the hypothesis is not confirmed. The results of the correlation analysis of indicators in absolute measurement show that an increase in the number of people with a master’s and doctoral degree has a positive effect, contributing to an increase in the number of researchers, the number of articles in scientific and technical journals, the level of GDP, and research and development expenses. The average positive effect of the number of population with a doctoral degree on the number of patent applications of the corresponding country at the level of high-tech exports and the low positive effect of the population with a master’s degree on the number of patent applications of the corresponding country at the level of high-tech exports are revealed. The results of Ukraine’s positioning relative to other countries of the world, based on the matrix approach, demonstrate that in the plane of coordinates of the number of people who have a master’s and doctoral degree and indicators characterizing the level of economic and scientific development our country is in quadrants that characterize a low level of chances in economic and scientific development. This makes it necessary to improve the system of training highly qualified personnel

Organizational and Economic Mechanism of Education, Science and Business Integration: The Modern University Model

The article is aimed at forming an organizational and economic mechanism of education, science and business integration on the basis of University 4.0. To achieve this goal, the methods of logical analysis and analytical modeling were used. The article clarifies the concept of “organizational and economic mechanism of education, science and business integration”, which is proposed to be treated as a set of organizational and economic interrelated elements, namely: instruments, forms, tools, levers, factors, and methods of management that work to improve the effectiveness of innovation and achievement of certain goals by coordinating the interests of the parties involved in its work. The organizational and economic mechanism of science, education and business integration should promote effective implementation of all the stages of the research and innovation cycle to ensure the socio-economic development of individual regions and the country as a whole. The organizational and economic mechanism of education, science and business integration according to the university 4.0 model is suggested, and its following components are substantiated: the purposes and tasks; legal norms; priorities and principles of its creation; organizational and economic forms, management methods, tools; means of implementing educational, scientific and innovative processes; levers and factors of influence; management effectiveness measures; resources. Actual use of the organizational and economic mechanism of education, science and business integration based on the formation of an innovative ecosystem around the university can enhance the positive influence of academic activity on the socio-economic development of individual regions and the country as a whole due to providing highly qualified personnel training according to innovative development needs, involving young people in research and startups development, stimulating the commercialization of research results, promoting large-scale use of scholarly knowledge as a virtually inexhaustible resource of economic growth for the development of high-performance technologies, tools, products, services, new knowledge, etc

Modern Wars and Military Conflicts: The Essence, Classification, Features, and Impact on the Economy

A characteristic feature of the modern confrontation between individual countries is the lack of a common understanding of the signs of the onset of a military conflict and the procedures for the transition to a state of war, which leads to the use of military force without a formal declaration of the beginning of the war, the difficulty of determining the main actors of hostilities. In this regard, the scientific substantiation of the typology and classification of military conflicts and wars acquires fundamental importance and relevance. The purpose of the article is to study the essence, classifications and features of modern wars and military conflicts and their impact on the economies of the countries that are their participants. To achieve this purpose, using the methods of analysis, synthesis and abstraction, the interpretation of the concepts of «war», «military conflict», «armed conflict» proposed by various scholars is investigated. Using the comparison method, similar and distinctive features between these concepts are determined. The analysis of theoretical views on the typology and determination of the essence of the modern military conflict and types of wars was carried out, their main classification features were determined, allowing to draw conclusions about the causes of contradictions in the qualification of generally accepted procedures for the transition from armed conflict to a state of war. The proposed classification of military conflicts and modern wars made it possible to better understand the current tendencies in these processes. Carrying out a typology and definition of types of modern wars and military conflicts allowed to examine their impact on the economy. It is determined that the economic consequences of modern military conflicts depend on many factors, in particular, the nature of economic consequences and macroeconomic indicators are influenced by the duration of a military conflict, which can reduce the negative effect in the event of low-intensity clashes, which is not accompanied by significant destruction of infrastructure; the impact on changes in GDP per capita, government spending, public external debt, export and import indicators, and domestic investment may vary from the nature and conditions of armed conflicts (interstate or civil wars)