A Comparison of Two Pain Scales in the Assessment of Dental Pain in East Delhi Children

Pain is the most common symptom of oral diseases. Pain perception in children is highly variable and unreliable due to poor communication. Therefore we designed a study to compare pain measurement techniques, that is, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPS) among Delhi children aged 3 to 14 years undergoing dental extraction. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 patients aged 3 to 14 years who had undergone dental extraction. Children were assessed for their pain sensitivity using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPS ). Result and Conclusion. Pain threshold tends to decline, and the self-management of pain becomes more effective with increasing age. Genderwise result shows that communication ability of boys and girls is similar in all age groups

Retrospective Analyses of Orofacial Traumatic Injuries in Trauma Patients, Registered as Medicolegal Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi

Aim: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the etiology, occurrence and the pattern of orofacial traumatic injuries in trauma patients, registered as medicolegal cases, managed by the Dental Unit of the Accident and Emergency Department at the UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi. Materials and methods: Dental case record of 1289 medicolegalpatients (from January 2011 to December 2011) reported to UCMS and GTB Hospital Emergency, Delhi were analyzed. The age, gender, month, etiology and type of injury were thedifferent variables that were recorded. Results: Orofacial trauma was more common in males (1052, 81.52%) compared to females (237, 18.75%). Male to female ratio was (4.438:1). The main etiologic factor involved in orofacial trauma was physical assault (54.29%) and road traffic accident (34.52%). Age distribution peak was observed in 21 to 25 age group (19.68%).The prevalence of trauma through out year showed proportionality, being observed a larger of cases between month April and June. Conclusion: Based on the obtained data it may be concluded that appropriate policies of orofacial trauma prevention must be established. Strict legislation against violence and stricter implementation of traffic rules must be followed.&nbsp

Advancing the Potential of Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

An ad hoc network consists of nodes with a radio without wire which has multi hop network surroundings [3]. Their messages can be sent anywhere with the help of intermediate nodes only in limits. Broadcasting is mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is process to send message one to other nodes of the network [1]. It has far-reaching application in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). It provides significant control and route administration for all types protocols let it be unicast or multicast protocols. It has become an important and all above to find a strong routing protocol in networking research. MANET has important part like as D.S.R., A.O.D.V. for routing information and location routing are used to established routes [5]. There are many problems in broadcasting of MANETS due to reasons like; Variable and unpredictable characteristics, Fluctuation of Strength, Channel Contention problem and Packet Collision problem [4]. The study had been done to cop up these problems on neighbor coverage based protocol to reduce routing overhead in MANETS. The connectivity factor was also discussed to arrange neighbor coverage system to provide to density adaptation [7]. AODV protocol can be played an important role in optimizing mechanism. This paper presented and completed on new type of rebroadcasting with many performance metrics it is done while using NS-2 Simulator [9]

Efficacy of Resin Infiltration and Fluoride Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Varnish on Non-cavitated Active White Spot Lesions in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: To compare the efficacy of resin infiltration and fluoride casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate varnish on non-cavitated active white spot lesions in 5-8 years old children. Material and Methods: 60 non-cavitated active white spot lesions in 60 patients with ICDAS II score 2 from both genders in the age range of 5 to 8 years were taken. Thirty lesions were treated by resin infiltration (Group 1) and 30 by Fluoride CPP-ACP varnish (Group 2). Resin infiltration was performed on the same day, while Fluoride CPP-ACP varnish was applied once a week for 4 weeks. The follow-up was done at 3, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: At 3, 6, and 12 months change in mean ICDAS II Score in group 1 was 1.5±0.5,1.13±0.73 and 0.9±0.88, respectively, while in group 2, it was observed to be 0.30±0.59, 0.4±0.89 and 0.06±0.82, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Resin infiltration was more successful than Fluoride CCP-ACP varnish in active non-cavitated white spot lesions

Dental management of a patient with down syndrome: a case report and review of literature

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality which affects numerous organs, including the orofacial region. Patients with DS may not be cooperative during dental treatment, and in cases of complex treatment, it is necessary to use oral or inhaled sedation and/or general anesthesia, which represents safe and efficient treatment resources. This article reports a management of DS in a 7-year-old male patient who came to the Hospital of New Delhi with the chief complaint of pain in lower right back tooth region. Due to the uncooperative nature of the patient, dental treatment was done under general anesthesia in which multiple dental restoration and extraction were done

An IP Core of AMBA Bus Interface in HDL

The AMBA on-chip bus architecture is a well-known open specification that explains how to connect and manage the functional units that make up a System-On-Chip (SoC). The design and implementation of an AHB Master, RAM, ROM, FIFO and Memory Controller implementation is proposed in this paper. It is primarily divided into two categories: operation initiator (AHB MASTER) and AHB SLAVE. Furthermore, AHB master generate the operation in burst mode, single transfer according to interface requirement and Address generator, generates the address in increment or wrap mode, as well as completing data transfers with an asymmetric asynchronous FIFO with variable data widths for read and write. A bridge between an AHB Master and an AHB slave will be demonstrated using a memory controller, and their outcome in terms of area and speed will be address ed. A finite state machine will be used to design the control framework. Xilinx Virtex 2 XC2VP40 will be used to implement the AHB Master and Slave IP

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF KNOTLESS BARBED SUTURES IN CAPSULAR CLOSURE FOLLOWING DISTAL FEMUR FRACTURE FIXATION

ABSTRACT Introduction: Good wound closure is an important step in management of distal femur fracture to prevent infection and faster rehabilitation. Knotless barbed sutures can save time and distribute wound tension evenly. However, its role in terms of functional outcome, closure time, and postoperative complications has not been studied in a distal femur fracture. Material and methods: A total of 47 patients aged more than 18 years of distal femur fracture treated with distal femur locking plate were randomized either into either barbed or traditional suture groups. in the barbed group, capsular wound closure was carried out with 2-0 bidirectional barbed knotless sutures (Quill SRS® PDO, Angiotech, Vancouver, BC, Canada). In patients assigned to group B, capsular closure was done with 1-0 Vicryl® (Ethicon inc. Somerville, NJ) and 5-0 Ethibond® alternatively. Results: The mean flexion at the knee joint was 105.7±15.6 degrees in the study group while it was 110.4±13.7 in the control group (p= 0.2133). Mean estimated closure time was significantly shorter in the study group as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Cases of needle prick injury were higher in traditional suture group. Patients developed stitch abscess and superficial infection in both groups. However, the difference in incidence between the two was not statistically significant Conclusion: Barbed suture is an efficient method of wound closure. It reduces wound closure time with similar complication rate as with use of conventional sutures. Evidence Level II; Randomized Clinical Trial

Determining the stress biomarker profile in patients undergoing total knee replacement and the relationship with outcome at 12 months

Background: Total knee replacement (TKR) is the commonest joint arthroplasty procedure worldwide. Despite excellent outcomes, some studies have reported dissatisfaction in up to 20% of patients. There is evidence of an association between the biochemical stress response to surgery and outcomes. The objective of this study is to describe the stress biomarker profile for TKR, and correlate this with patient outcomes. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 50 patients undergoing primary TKR was conducted. Serum IL-6, TNF-α, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured immediately pre- and post-operatively, and on Days 1 and 3. Follow-up questionnaires including the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and EuroQol five dimensions (EQ-5D) were completed at 12-months. Univariate analysis was completed using a linear regression model (p < 0.05). Results: Serum IL-6, NLR, and PLR all increased to Day 1 post-operatively, and decreased by Day 3. TNF-α values increased across all time points. Statistical analysis found a significant negative correlation (r = − 0.414; p = 0.005) between pre-operative IL-6 and 12-month OKS. There was a significant positive correlation between pre-operative NLR and 12 month OKS (r = 0.272; p = 0.039) and 12 month EQ5D (r = 0.268; p = 0.043). Conclusion: This is the first study to describe the biochemical stress response to TKR. The results raise the potential for a pre-operative risk stratification tool for patients based on IL-6 and NLR measurements. Further research should be conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms involved, and investigate interventions to reduce pre-operative physiological stress with a view to improving post-operative outcomes

Ablation of RNA interference and retrotransposons accompany acquisition and evolution of transposases to heterochromatin protein CENPB

Inactivation of retrotransposons is accompanied by the emergence of centromere-binding protein-B (CENPB) in Schizosaccharomyces, as well as in metazoans. The RNA interference (RNAi)-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) complex, comprising chromodomain protein-1 (Chp1), Tas3 (protein with unknown function), and Argonaute (Ago1), plays an important role in RNAi-mediated heterochromatinization. We find that whereas the Ago1 subunit of the RITS complex is highly conserved, Tas3 is lost and Chp1 is truncated in Schizosaccharomyces cryophilus and Schizosaccharomyces octosporus. We show that truncated Chp1 loses the property of heterochromatin localization and silencing when transformed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Furthermore, multiple copies of CENPB, related to Tc1/mariner and Tc5 transposons, occur in all Schizosaccharomyces species, as well as in humans, but with loss of transposase function (except Schizosaccharomyces japonicus). We propose that acquisition of Tc1/mariner and Tc5 elements by horizontal transfer in S. pombe (and humans) is accompanied by alteration of their function from a transposase/endonuclease to a heterochromatin protein, designed to suppress transposon expression and recombination. The resulting redundancy of RITS may have eased the selection pressure, resulting in progressive loss or truncation of tas3 and chp1 genes in S. octosporus and S. cryophilus and triggered similar evolutionary dynamics in the metazoan orthologues

Engineering change in a non-deterministic FSM setting

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