Secure Adiabatic Logic: a Low-Energy DPA-Resistant Logic Style

The charge recovery logic families have been designed several years ago not in order to eliminate the side-channel leakage but to reduce the power consumption. However, in this article we present a new charge recovery logic style not only to gain high energy efficiency but also to achieve the resistance against side-channel attacks (SDA) especially against differential power analysis (DPA) attacks. Simulation results show a significant improvement in DPA-resistance level as well as in power consumption reduction in comparison with DPA-resistant logic styles proposed so far

A Unification Framework for Euclidean and Hyperbolic Graph Neural Networks

Hyperbolic neural networks are able to capture the inherent hierarchy of graph datasets, and consequently a powerful choice of GNNs. However, they entangle multiple incongruent (gyro-)vector spaces within a layer, which makes them limited in terms of generalization and scalability. In this work, we propose to use Poincar\'e disk model as our search space, and apply all approximations on the disk (as if the disk is a tangent space derived from the origin), and thus getting rid of all inter-space transformations. Such an approach enables us to propose a hyperbolic normalization layer, and to further simplify the entire hyperbolic model to a Euclidean model cascaded with our hyperbolic normalization layer. We applied our proposed nonlinear hyperbolic normalization to the current state-of-the-art homogeneous and multi-relational graph networks. We demonstrate that not only does the model leverage the power of Euclidean networks such as interpretability and efficient execution of various model components, but also it outperforms both Euclidean and hyperbolic counterparts in our benchmarks

Investigating the DPA-Resistance Property of Charge Recovery Logics

The threat of DPA attacks is of crucial importance when designing cryptographic hardware. As a result, several DPA countermeasures at the cell level have been proposed in the last years, but none of them offers perfect protection against DPA attacks. Moreover, all of these DPA-resistant logic styles increase the power consumption and the area consumption significantly. On the other hand, there are some logic styles which provide less power dissipation (so called charge recovery logic) that can be considered as a DPA countermeasure. In this article we examine them from the DPA-resistance point of view. As an example of charge recovery logic styles, 2N-2N2P is evaluated. It is shown that the usage of this logic style leads to an improvement of the DPA-resistance and at the same time reduces the energy consumption which make it especially suitable for pervasive devices. In fact, it is the first time that a proposed DPA-resistant logic style consumes less power than the corresponding standard CMOS circuit

The association between maternal infection and intellectual disability in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundThere is arguing evidence regarding the association between maternal infections during pregnancy and the risk of intellectual disability (ID) in children. This systematic review and meta-analysis are essential to determine and address inconsistent findings between maternal infections during pregnancy and the risk of ID in children.MethodsThe MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines were followed to perform and report on this study. The Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from inception up to March 15, 2023, to identify potentially eligible studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, as well as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of studies included. The included studies were divided into two types based on the participants: (1) ID-based studies, which involved children with ID as cases and healthy children as controls and evaluated maternal infection in these participants; (2) infection-based studies, which assessed the prevalence or incidence of ID in the follow-up of children with or without exposure to maternal infection. We used Random-effects models (REM) to estimate the overall pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The between-studies heterogeneity was assessed with the χ2-based Q-test and I2 statistic. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were applied to explore the source of heterogeneity and results consistency.ResultsA total of eight studies including 1,375,662 participants (60,479 cases and 1,315,183 controls) met the eligibility criteria. The REM found that maternal infection significantly increased the risk of ID in children (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.46; I2 = 64.6). Subgroup analysis showed a significant association for both infection-based (OR, 1.27; 95%CI, 1.15-1.40; I2 = 51.2) and ID-based (OR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.19-1.74; I2 = 77.1) studies. Furthermore, subgroup analysis based on diagnostic criteria revealed a significant association when maternal infection or ID were diagnosed using ICD codes (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.20-1.48; I2 = 75.8).ConclusionOur study suggests that maternal infection during pregnancy could be associated with an increased risk of ID in children. This finding is consistent across different types of studies and diagnostic criteria. However, due to the heterogeneity and limitations of the included studies, we recommend further longitudinal studies to confirm the causal relationship and the underlying mechanisms

Forest plot for the association between maternal infection and ID in four studies having adjusted OR.

Forest plot for the association between maternal infection and ID in four studies having adjusted OR.</p

Fill and Trim sensitivity analysis for publication bias in crude OR.

Fill and Trim sensitivity analysis for publication bias in crude OR.</p

Pooled OR estimates in subgroups according to the diagnostic criteria for maternal infection in studies assessing the association between maternal infection and ID in children.

Pooled OR estimates in subgroups according to the diagnostic criteria for maternal infection in studies assessing the association between maternal infection and ID in children.</p

Pooled OR estimates in subgroups according to the diagnostic criteria for ID in studies assessing the association between maternal infection and ID in children.

Pooled OR estimates in subgroups according to the diagnostic criteria for ID in studies assessing the association between maternal infection and ID in children.</p

Pooled OR estimates in subgroups according to the countries for studies assessing the association between maternal infection and intellectual disability (ID) in children.

Pooled OR estimates in subgroups according to the countries for studies assessing the association between maternal infection and intellectual disability (ID) in children.</p