Morphological Changes Observed in the Lungs in Chronic Renal Failure

This article describes the morphological changes of an experimental model of the respiratory system of rats in chronic renal failure with macroscopic changes observed as a result of microcirculation disorders in the lung interstitial tissue

Thermal annealing derivatives of technogenic gypsum by electron paramagnetic resonance

© SGEM2016.Previously dehydration products EPR spectra of single crystals of gypsum (“Marino glass”) have been studied in the temperature range from 100 to 425 °C [Crystall. Reports, 2014, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 399]. In this work, the subject of study was selected technogenic gypsum and its derivatives dehydration [Procedia Earth and Planet Sci. Vol. 15, 2015, P. 579].Temperature region of formation gypsum, alpha and beta phase states of bassanite and gamma-anhydrite, insoluble anhydrite were determined from the EPR spectra of radical ions and the atomic hydrogen. Obtained results may be used for the control in the technological processes of gypsum materials production, and scientific purposes

Transformation of organic matter of rocks from domanik deposits in hydrothermal and pyrolytic processes

© SGEM 2017. All Rights Reserved. The objects of the study were samples of Domanik rock from Upper Devonian siliceous-carbonate and carbonate sediments of the Romashkinо oil field, which occurs in the central part of the South Tatarian arch in Tatarstan. The composition of organic matter and mineral rock components and bitumoids extracted from them was studied by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, SARA analysis and gas chromatography. Significant differences in the mineralogical composition and content of organic matter are found in samples after their hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of 350°C in the steam medium at the carbon dioxide. Based on the example of these rock samples, pyrolytic experiments were conducted to simulate the processes of conversion of kerogen to free micronized oil at temperatures of 350 and 600°C in a hydrogen medium in a flow system. The content of Mn 2+ , SO 3 - , SO 2 - ions in the rock, as well as ions of vanadyl (VO 2+ ) and free radicals (R*) in the pyrolysis products were evaluated using Xband electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at frequency of 9.43 GHz. The most significant changes associated with an increase in the concentration of free radicals were observed at 350°C. A new free organic radical C350 was registered In the sample of siliceous-carbonate sediments and a free organic radical C 600 – in carbonate sample, which indicate that the studied rocks did not fully realize their potential in natural hydrocarbon generation processes

Mechanisms of innate immunity in pathogenesis of psoriasis: approaches to targeted therapy

Psoriasis is a chronic auto-inflammatory, genetically determined dermatosis, being multifactorial by origin, characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermis, affected keratinocyte differentiation and inflammatory reaction in dermis. The disease is characterized by a tendency to spread over the area of lesion, and involvement of articular tissue in the pathological process, which significantly affects the living standards of patients and causes their disability. There are many provoking factors that contribute to occurrence of psoriasis, or progression of existing psoriatic process in individuals with a genetic predisposition. These factors include adverse climatic conditions, skin trauma, exposure to ultraviolet light, burns, infections, etc.This review describes the role of innate immunity in pathogenesis of psoriasis, and describes in detail the mechanisms involved into induction of inflammation of PAMPs and DAMPs. In psoriasis, positively charged catelicidin is considered one of the most important DAMPs, which can form a complex with negatively charged cell polyanions-LL-37/auto-RNA and LL-37/auto-DNA. The interaction of PAMP/DAMP ligands with specific PRR receptors leads to signal activation of effector components of immune system, i.e., assembly of inflammasome complex, caspase activation, synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and processing of their immature forms. The review focuses on the role of TLRs under the conditions of physiological norm, which recognize danger signals and provide protection from pathogens and their timely elimination, and in development of pathological process. Activation of TLRs induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferons and antimicrobial peptides, chemokines that support the development of psoriatic inflammation.In addition to TLRs, the mechanisms of involvement of inflammasomes in the development of psoriasis, which provides processing of mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18, are described in detail. Mature forms of these cytokines mediate the development of inflammation in psoriatic focus. In addition, processing of these cytokines by caspases using the positive feedback mechanism provides an additional signal to activate transcriptional activity of their genes and contributes to perpetuated inflammation.The review presents data confirming participation of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Much attention is paid to description of pharmacological inhibitors of inflammasomes, which in the future may be the drugs of choice for treatment of inflammatory diseases. The study of molecular mechanisms of the innate immune system will reveal new approaches to prognosis and development of targeted therapy for psoriasis

Some clinical and diagnostic features of patients with new-onset epilepsy in the presence of chronic cerebrovascular disease

Objective: to investigate the specific features of epilepsy that manifests itself in the presence of chronic cerebrovascular disease.Patients and methods. A total of 304 patients (a study group of 174 patients with new-onset seizures developing in the presence of cerebrovascular disease and a control group of 130 patients with cerebrovascular disease and no seizures) were examined. They underwent clinical neurological examination, electroencephalography (EEG), ultrasonic duplex scanning of extra- and intracranial arteries with functional tests, and visualization of brain structures.Results. Focal seizures were prevalent in the patients with cerebrovascular disease and epilepsy. It was found that there was a preponderance of left-sided localization of EEG foci of abnormal activity and a tendency to more commonly detect subcritical and critical stenoses in the left carotid bed in the patients with epileptic seizures. Diminished perfusion reserves in the posterior circulation system were more frequently observed in the patients with seizures in the presence of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the patients with seizures displayed a more profound degree of brain ischemia with the frequent cortical and subcortical localization of dyscirculatory foci. Thus, a study of perfusion reserves, localization of vascular foci, and degree of occlusive changes in the wall of brachiocephalic vessels allows identification of risk factors for epilepsy in the patients with cerebrovascular disease and promotes the prediction of the course of the disease

A metaphorical strategy: The formation of the semantics of derived adjectives

© 2016 Sadikova et al.The relevance of the presented problems due to the fact that reinterpreted the values producing the foundations and formation of the lexical meaning of the derived adjective occurs according to the laws of associative thinking and it should be explained through semantic-cognitive analysis. The goal of the article is the description and comparison of metaphorical processes of formation of the semantics of derived adjectives derivational meaning “likeness” in English and Russian languages. A leading approach to the study of this problem is the functional-semantic approach, in which is given the possibility of word formation, the correct interpretation of the values of derived word, and the ability to explain the logical connections of the associations underlying the derivation of words. The main result of this article is that of metaphorization of derived adjectives derivational meaning "likeness" are characterized by different correlation of emotional and rational types of thinking inherent in different hemispheres of the brain. Derivative adjectives derivational meaning “likeness” as the result of the interaction of lexical meaning making basis and values derivational affix can relate to sensory monoreceptive synesthesiology and rational-emotive type of metaphorical transfers. The presence of a common typological traits and the selection of the types of metaphorical and synesthetical transfers due to the commonality of human perception and thinking in general. The presence of unique traits and lacunar types of metaphorical transfers said about the peculiarities of English and Russian perception. Comparative researches carried out on the material of different systems, typologically and genetically unrelated languages, it indicates the presence of common metaphors, which are due to common mental processes of perception of the surrounding world. The results of the research may find application in the development of lectures and practical sessions on contrastive word-formation, semantics, psycholinguistics and cognitive semantics, in teaching English and Russian as foreign languages, as well as the creation of an English-Russian and Russian-English dictionaries correlative component composition semantics of derived adjectives of the derivational meaning “likeness”

EPR study of hydrocarbon generation potential of organic-rich domanik rocks

© Kazan Federal University (KFU). The objects of investigation were samples of domanik formation rocks of Berezovskaya area of Romashkinskoye oil field. Content of Mn 2+ , SO 3 − , SO 2 − ions, vanadyl-ions and free radicals has been estimated with the X-band (9.43 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Composition of rock and extracted from it bitumen has been studied with methods of thermal analysis, X-ray-structural analysis and gas chromatography. Significant differences in mineralogical composition and content of organic matter were revealed in samples taken from adjacent intervals. Pyrolytic experiments have been conducted to simulate kerogen maturation and petroleum generation. The increasing number of free radicals was registered in all samples after pyrolysis in a hydrogen atmosphere at 350°C. A new organic free radical C350 was registered after pyrolysis. It is suggested that domanik source rocks have not fully realized their hydrocarbon generation potential

Functional-technological specificity of metaphors in process of teaching foreign languages

© 2017 Serials Publications.The relevance of the study due to the fact that the process of conceptualizing of reality, mechanisms of formation of a conceptual picture of the world and the individual concepts in the cognitive consciousness of native speakers and their metaphorical representation in various types of discourse is one of the major areas of consideration in modern cognitive linguistics. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristic of functional and typological features of the regular reconsideration of tokens metaphorical semantic field of building vocabulary in English and Russian and to teach them on the lesssons. The leading approach in the study of this problem is a semantic-cognitive semantics of language reveals the relationship with people's conceptosphere, enabling metaphorical models of analysis of their functional properties. The article presents a comparative study of the laws of metaphorical representation of objective reality; identified both general and specific features of the differential cognitive consciousness carriers of different languages and lacunarity metaphorical representation of concepts, convincingly demonstrated that metaphorically reinterpreted token semantic field of building vocabulary can be used cognitive awareness of a native speaker for the nomination of their diverse characteristics and concepts existing conceptosphere; it proved that the functional-typological diversity of metaphorical transfer study in the languages of different language show the great potential of building vocabulary in the formation of an extensive fragment of the conceptual picture of the world media in English and Russian languages; on empirical material orthodoxy proved the existence of generalized postulates - hypothesis of cognitive theory of conceptual metaphor. The relevance of this research lies in the functioning metaphorically reinterpreted lexemes in the categorization, representation and organizing conceptual picture of the world in English and Russian languages and their usage in teaching process. The focus of cognitive science was the study of the processes of perception, categorization, classification and understanding of the world. And the representation and storage of knowledge. Materials of article represent practical value in the writing of textbooks in lecture courses on comparative, cognitive semantics, discourse analysis, in special courses on the theory of metaphor

Photochemistry of Furyl- and Thienyldiazomethanes: Spectroscopic Characterization of Triplet 3-Thienylcarbene

Photolysis (λ \u3e 543 nm) of 3-thienyldiazomethane (1), matrix isolated in Ar or N2 at 10 K, yields triplet 3-thienylcarbene (13) and α-thial-methylenecyclopropene (9). Carbene 13 was characterized by IR, UV/vis, and EPR spectroscopy. The conformational isomers of 3-thienylcarbene (s-E and s-Z) exhibit an unusually large difference in zero-field splitting parameters in the triplet EPR spectrum (|D/hc| = 0.508 cm–1, |E/hc| = 0.0554 cm–1; |D/hc| = 0.579 cm–1, |E/hc| = 0.0315 cm–1). Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) calculations reveal substantially differing spin densities in the 3-thienyl ring at the positions adjacent to the carbene center, which is one factor contributing to the large difference in D values. NBO calculations also reveal a stabilizing interaction between the sp orbital of the carbene carbon in the s-Z rotamer of 13 and the antibonding σ orbital between sulfur and the neighboring carbon—an interaction that is not observed in the s-E rotamer of 13. In contrast to the EPR spectra, the electronic absorption spectra of the rotamers of triplet 3-thienylcarbene (13) are indistinguishable under our experimental conditions. The carbene exhibits a weak electronic absorption in the visible spectrum (λmax = 467 nm) that is characteristic of triplet arylcarbenes. Although studies of 2-thienyldiazomethane (2), 3-furyldiazomethane (3), or 2-furyldiazomethane (4) provided further insight into the photochemical interconversions among C5H4S or C5H4O isomers, these studies did not lead to the spectroscopic detection of the corresponding triplet carbenes (2-thienylcarbene (11), 3-furylcarbene (23), or 2-furylcarbene (22), respectively)

INVESTIGATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE AMORPHOUS ALLOY Ti–Ni–Cu AFTER HPT METHOD TEM AND AFM

На атомно-силовом микроскопе было проведено исследование микроструктуры быстрозакаленного аморфного сплава Ti50Ni25Cu25, подвергнутого воздействию интенсивной пластической деформации кручением (ИПДК). На фольгах для исследования из исходного аморфного сплава Ti50Ni25Cu25 развитого рельефа в АСМ не наблюдается. Можно предположить, что в результате ИПДК в аморфном сплаве Ti50Ni25Cu25 формируется структура наноразмерных аморфных кластеров, разделенных аморфными же границами, которая выявляется при ионном травлении при подготовке фольг, что наблюдается в АСМ.On an atomic force microscope, a study was conducted microstructure of the rapidly quenched amorphous Ti50Ni25Cu25 alloy after HPT. On initial amorphous Ti50Ni25Cu25 alloy method AFM developed relief is not observed. Maybe after HPT in amorphous Ti50Ni25Cu25 forming clusters of amorphous nanoscale structure after ion etching