Paraurethral leomyoma: a manageable challenge

Leiomyoma is a most common benign tumour of uterus. But it is very rare in vagina urethral and paraurethral. There are approximately 330 case reports are available in literature and the paraurethral site is extremely uncommon. Here, we report a case of 38-year nulliparous woman presented with complain of mass coming out of vagina as well as dyspareunia. Provisional diagnosis of anterior vaginal cyst along with the differential diagnosis of paraurethral and anterior wall vaginal leiomyoma was made. Transvaginal removal of mass was done and diagnosis of paraurethral leiomyoma was confirmed by histopathology

Tuberculosis of the Sternoclavicular Joint

Tuberculosis may affect almost every part of the body. However, it is very uncommon for tuberculosis to involve the sternoclavicular joint. Demonstration of acid-fast bacilli, which is the gold standard for diagnosis, is extremely rare in these lesions. Diagnosis is usually based on demonstration of granulomas on histopathology. Good radiographs and imaging studies are supportive for diagnosis. We report a case of 32-year-old male who presented with a tender swelling over the medial end of the clavicle with a sinus and signs of inflammation. The fine needle aspiration of the lesion demonstrated acid-fast bacilli on Ziehl–Neelsen staining. The patient was put on antitubercular chemotherapy for 1 year and made an uneventful recovery

Multifocal Tubercular Dactilytis of Feet with Tubercular Ulcers

Tuberculosis is a common disease in developing countries like India, affecting all age groups. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common manifestation of the disease but the disease may affect almost any part of the body. Among cases presenting with skeletal tuberculosis, tuberculosis of the spine, commonly known as Pott's spine, is the most common. Tuberculosis of the short and tubular bones of hands and feet is called tubercular dactilytis. It is a very rare presentation of the disease, usually affecting the small bones of the hand in children younger than 6 years. Tubercular dactilytis, particularly involving the small tubular bones of the foot, is extremely rare

Calvarial tuberculosis presenting as cystic lesion: An unusual presentation in two patients

Tuberculosis is a common disease in developing countries such as India, posing a major public health problem. With human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection being a global endemic, there has been a resurgence of tuberculosis even in developed countries. Tuberculosis may affect almost any part of the body. However, tuberculosis of the calvarium is very rare. Presentation of tuberculosis as a soft tissue swelling on the scalp poses a diagnostic problem. These two cases are being reported here to convey the utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in providing the confirmatory diagnosis obviating the need for invasive surgical procedure

Isolated Echinococcosis of cervical region

Echinococcosis, commonly called as hydatid disease, is a parasitic infestation caused by the larva of the genus Echinococcus in human. Isolated occurrence of Echinococcosis without any evidence of visceral disease is very rare. A thorough search of the literature revealed only 11 cases of isolated cervical Echinococcosis. We report here a very rare case of isolated hydatid cyst in a 45-year-old female patient, who presented with swelling in right cervical region about 5 cm below the angle of mandible with no evidence of the disease elsewhere in the body. The case was diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology. The diagnosis was further supported by histopathology. We propose that the treating physician should also consider the differential diagnosis of Echinococcosis in the presence of an asymptomatic soft tissue mass, especially when the patient lives in an endemic area

Retinoblastoma in an adult

Retinoblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the retina usually seen in children before 5 years of age. The tumor is extremely rare in adults. We report here an unusual case of retinoblastoma in a 55-year-old adult female who presented to us with an orbital mass at a late stage of the disease. Detailed laboratory investigations and imaging studies could not make a precise diagnosis. The treating ophthalmologist suspected primary intraocular tumor, metastatic carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or lymphoma and referred the patient for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Cytopathological examination of Giemsa-stained FNAC smear was consistent with that of retinoblastoma and established the diagnosis

Unusual presentation of filariasis as an abscess: A case report

Bancroftian filariasis, a tropical and subtropical disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, is transmitted by the culex mosquito. The disease is conventionally diagnosed by the demonstration of microfilaria in peripheral blood smear. Microfilaria and adult filarial worms have been incidentally detected in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in various locations. The disease may be missed if one is not aware of the possibility, particularly in cases where eosinophilia is absent. Therefore, clinicians and pathologists need to be more vigilant in the endemic zones for early diagnosis and the treatment of filariasis. We report here an unusual case of filariasis in a 17-year-old female with a swelling in the lower part of the left arm on the flexor surface. This highlights the chances of finding microfilaria in cytology of an unsuspected case at an unusual site. This case, in addition, stresses the fact that microfilaria may be associated with an abscess even in the absence of eosinophilia

Histopathological patterns in endometrial biopsy associated with abnormal uterine bleeding

Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common gyenocological problems that affects women worldwide. We studied patterns of endometrial biopsy pathology in abnormal uterine bleeding in a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city. Retrospective study of 518 cases of endometrial samples were studied in patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Clinical data and endometrial biopsy findings were recorded. The age of the patientsvaried, ranging from 18 years to 70 years. Maximum number of patients presented in the age group 40-49 years (49.2%), followed by 30-39 years (34.9%). The patients presented most commonly as menorrhagia (48.6%). Cyclical pattern was the most common finding on endometrial biopsy including secretory (33.4%) followed by proliferative pattern (31.3%), gestational causes (9.8%), endometrial hyperplasia (7.1%) chronic endometritis (4.0%), endometrial polyp (3.0%), irregular endometrium (4.2%), malignancy (1.7%) and atrophic endometrium (0.6%). Endometrial hyperplasias and malignancy were more frequently seen in patients presenting ≥40 yrs of age. Pregnancy associated causes of abnormal bleeding were more common in patients of reproductive age group i.e. <40yrs. Endometrial biopsy is the usual investigation performed in abnormal uterine bleeding and it can help to determine the etiology and decide the management in these cases. Patients in reproductive age group may have an underlying pregnancy associated cause of abnormal bleeding. Endometrial hyperplasia and malignancy must be excluded in patients presenting at or above 40 yrs of age