337 research outputs found
Davidson’s Wittgenstein
Although the later Wittgenstein appears as one of the most influential
figures in Davidson’s later works on meaning, it is not,
for the most part, clear how Davidson interprets and employs
Wittgenstein’s ideas. In this paper, I will argue that Davidson’s
later works on meaning can be seen as mainly a manifestation of
his attempt to accommodate the later Wittgenstein’s basic ideas
about meaning and understanding, especially the requirement
of drawing the seems right/is right distinction and the way this
requirement must be met. These ideas, however, are interpreted
by Davidson in his own way. I will then argue that Davidson
even attempts to respect Wittgenstein’s quietism, provided that
we understand this view in the way Davidson does. Having argued
for that, I will finally investigate whether, for Davidson at
least, his more theoretical and supposedly explanatory projects,
such as that of constructing a formal theory of meaning and
his use of the notion of triangulation, are in conflict with this
Wittgensteinian quietist view
The Manifestation Challenge: The Debate between McDowell and Wright
In this paper, we will discuss what is called the “Manifestation Challenge” to semantic realism, which was originally developed by Michael Dummett and has been further refined by Crispin Wright. According to this challenge, semantic realism has to meet the requirement that knowledge of meaning must be publically manifested in linguistic behaviour. In this regard, we will introduce and evaluate John McDowell’s response to this anti-realistic challenge, which was put forward to show that the challenge cannot undermine realism. According to McDowell, knowledge of undecidable sentences’ truth-conditions can be properly manifested in our ordinary practice of asserting such sentences under certain circumstances, and any further requirement will be redundant. Wright’s further objection to McDowell’s response will be also discussed and it will be argued that this objection fails to raise any serious problem for McDowell’s response and that it is an implausible objection in general
A Discrete-time Dynamical Model for Optimal Dispatching and Rebalancing of Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems
Autonomous vehicles are rapidly evolving and will soon enable the application
of large-scale mobility-on-demand (MoD) systems. Managing the fleets of
available vehicles, commonly known as "rebalancing," is crucial to ensure that
vehicles are distributed properly to meet customer demands. This paper presents
an optimal control approach to optimize vehicle scheduling and rebalancing in
an autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) system. We use graph theory to model a
city partitioned into virtual zones. Zones represent small areas of the city
where vehicles can stop and pick up/drop off customers, whereas links denote
corridors of the city along which autonomous vehicles can move. They are
considered vertices and edges in the graph. Vehicles employed in the AMoD
scheme are autonomous, and rebalancing can be executed by dispatching available
empty vehicles to areas undersupplied. Rebalancing is performed on the graph's
vertices, i.e., between city areas. We propose a linear, discrete-time model of
an AMoD system using a transformed network. After acquiring the model, the
desired number of rebalancing vehicles for the AMoD model is derived through an
optimization problem. Moreover, the well-posedness of the model is illustrated.
To leverage the proposed model, we implemented the model predictive control
(MPC) framework to find the optimal rebalancing and scheduling policy. We show
the MPC's effectiveness and how the MPC framework can be implemented in
real-time for a real-world case study. The numerical results show that the MPC
with a linear cost function and linear reference, which it tracks, is
effective, outperforming other MPC-based and state-of-the-art algorithms across
all evaluation criteria
Data-Driven H-infinity Control with a Real-Time and Efficient Reinforcement Learning Algorithm: An Application to Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a class of artificial intelligence algorithms
being used to design adaptive optimal controllers through online learning. This
paper presents a model-free, real-time, data-efficient Q-learning-based
algorithm to solve the H control of linear discrete-time systems.
The computational complexity is shown to reduce from
in the literature to
in the proposed algorithm, where
is quadratic in the sum of the size of state variables, control inputs, and
disturbance. An adaptive optimal controller is designed and the parameters of
the action and critic networks are learned online without the knowledge of the
system dynamics, making the proposed algorithm completely model-free. Also, a
sufficient probing noise is only needed in the first iteration and does not
affect the proposed algorithm. With no need for an initial stabilizing policy,
the algorithm converges to the closed-form solution obtained by solving the
Riccati equation. A simulation study is performed by applying the proposed
algorithm to real-time control of an autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD)
system for a real-world case study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
proposed algorithm
MaskTune: Mitigating Spurious Correlations by Forcing to Explore
A fundamental challenge of over-parameterized deep learning models is
learning meaningful data representations that yield good performance on a
downstream task without over-fitting spurious input features. This work
proposes MaskTune, a masking strategy that prevents over-reliance on spurious
(or a limited number of) features. MaskTune forces the trained model to explore
new features during a single epoch finetuning by masking previously discovered
features. MaskTune, unlike earlier approaches for mitigating shortcut learning,
does not require any supervision, such as annotating spurious features or
labels for subgroup samples in a dataset. Our empirical results on biased
MNIST, CelebA, Waterbirds, and ImagenNet-9L datasets show that MaskTune is
effective on tasks that often suffer from the existence of spurious
correlations. Finally, we show that MaskTune outperforms or achieves similar
performance to the competing methods when applied to the selective
classification (classification with rejection option) task. Code for MaskTune
is available at https://github.com/aliasgharkhani/Masktune.Comment: Accepted to NeurIPS 202
The Effect of Dexamethasone on the incidence of laryngospasm in pediatric patients after Tonsillectomy
Background and Aims: Laryngospasm and vomiting occurring after tracheal extubation in children is potentially dangerous. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of preoperative 0.5 mg/kg i.v. Dexamethasone on the incidence of postextubation laryngospasm, and vomiting in children after tonsillectomy. Material and Methods : This study was performed at the Ilam Imam Khomeini hospital, IR, during the year 2009. In a randomized, double-blind trial, 66 pediatric patients 4-12 years (Dexamethasone group, n=33- placebo group , n=33) undergoing tonsillectomy received IV placebo (saline) or Dexamethasone , 0.5mg/kg IV after the induction of anesthesia before surgery. The incidence of postextubation laryngospasm and vomiting was recorded by the an investigator. All collected data were analyzed with using the statistical software (SPSS, Ver.16). Results : Mean age in Dexamethasone group 6.4±2.2, placebo group 6.1±2.8. Mean weight in Dexamethasone group 19.2±5.3, placebo group 20.3± 6.8 (p>0.05). Mean duration of anesthesia in Dexamethasone group 57.4 ±7.4 min, placebo group 55.6±4.6min. Mean duration of surgery in Dexamethasone group 40.7±6.7min , placebo group 42.3 ±8.4min (p>0.05). The incidence of postextubation laryngospasm in Dexamethasone group (6) was lower than that in the placebo group (30) (
Evaluation of the quality of nursing work life and its association with job burnout in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Background and aims: Nurses are particularly susceptible to burnout. Nursing staffs are in face to a relatively stressful work environment, high mental and physical pressure, irregular scheduling or shifting, limited job promotion, and socio-emotional pressures in connection with the patients and partners. This study aimed to assess the quality of work life (QWL) and its association wit
The Relationship Between Individual Stock Trading And Returns: The Case Of An Emerging Market
This research investigates the relationship between stock trading of individual investors and returns in short horizon in an emerging market. The results indicate that the individuals would like to invest in stocks after declining in the preceding month prices and they would like to sell after increasing in prices. Moreover, we find that there are positive abnormal returns in the month after high buying by individuals and there are negative abnormal returns following high individuals selling. The result is consistent with the literature that the individuals play roles of liquidity providers because they can meet the institutional need of immediacy
Working from Within: The Nature and Development of Quine’s Naturalism
Working from Within: The Nature and Development of Quine's Naturalism. By Verhaegh Sander
Davidson's Wittgensteinian Metaphilosophy
In this short paper, I am going to discuss an often neglected aspect of Davidson's philosophy, his metaphilosophy. Metaphilosophy is traditionally defined as the philosophy of philosophy. This definition, however, is not illuminating. I think metaphilosophy aims at a disclosure of the nature of philosophical questions, what they are and how to approach them. ..
- …