Оценка химического состава и энергетической ценности рационов питания высококвалифицированных спортсменов

159 highly skilled athletes were surveyed in the pre-competition period of sports training. A comparative assessment of the energy value and chemical composition of athletes diets on the basis of the questionnaire method of 24-hour (daily) reproduction of nutrition showed significant variability and dependence on the type of sports specialization of activities and gender of athletes. In particular, statistically significant (p <0.05) increase in the energy consumption value of rations in biathlonists was shown in comparison with athletes specializing in bullet shooting of various specializations of bobsleigh (overclockers and pilots) both in the male group (33.4%, 14, 8%, 31.5%), respectively, and female (33.9%, 13.8%, 41.7%), respectively. In the bobsledder of both sex groups specializing in overclocking, the energy values of rations were also statistically higher than those of athletes from the group of bullet shooting and bobsleigh pilots: by 21.7% and 19.6%, respectively, in the male group and 23.2% and 32.3%, respectively, in the female. Depending on the type of athletic activity and gender of athletes, the consumption of the main macro-intravenous animals varied significantly. In particular, the amount of protein ranged from 119.2 to 200.2 g/day in men and from 79.5 to 170.1 g/day in women; fat - 119.1-164.2 g / day for men and 84.6-148.8 g/day for women; carbohydrates - 385.1-594.6 g/day, in men and 285.5-475.6 in women.Было обследовано 159 высококвалифицированных спортсменов в предсоревновательный период спортивной подготовки. Сравнительная оценка энергетической ценности и химического состава рационов питания спортсменов на основе анкетно-опросного метода 24-часового (суточного) воспроизведения питания показала значительную вариабельность и зависимость от вида спортивной специализации и половой принадлежности спортсменов. В частности, было показано статистически достоверное (р < 0,05) увеличение показателей энергетической ценности рационов у биатлонистов по сравнению со спортсменами, специализирующимися в пулевой стрельбе, различных специализациях бобслея (разгоняющие и пилоты), как в мужской группе - 33,4%, 14,8%, 31,5% соответственно, так и женской (33,9%, 13,8%, 41,7% соответственно. У бобслеистов обеих половых групп, специализирующихся в разгоне, показатели энергетической ценности рационов также были статистически выше по сравнению с показателями спортсменов из группы пулевой стрельбы и бобслеистов-пилотов: на 21,7% и 19,6% соответственно в мужской группе и на 23,2% и 32,3% соответственно в женской. В зависимости от вида спортивной деятельности и пола спортсменов потребление основных макронутриентов варьировало в значительных пределах. В частности, количество белка составляло от 119,2 до 200,2 г/сут у мужчин и от 79,5 до 170,1 г/сут у женщин; жира - 119,1-164,2 г/сут у мужчин и 84,6-148,8 г/сут у женщин; углеводов - 385,1-594,6 г/сут, у мужчин и 285,5-475,6 у женщин

Sports and energy drinks

Presently, sports and energy drinks are widely spread not only among athletes, but also among ordinary people of different ages. The purpose of these beverages is to effectively compensate for the loss of water, energy and electrolytes in the human body before or after some exhausting activities. A questionnaire survey on energy drinks conducted in all eight federal districts of the Russian Federation shows that the younger groups of the Russian population (aged 12-17 and 18-30) drink tonic beverages more often than the older groups (aged 31-45 and 45-60). Further, a recent rise in unreasonable consumption of sports and energy drinks among teenagers may lead to various diseases: obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and tooth enamel erosion. Finally, the authors analyse the composition of energy beverages and thoroughly describe each of their main components (L-carnitine, creatine, caffeine, taurine, and juice-containing products). These components are used by athletes due to their effects: L-carnitine helps reduce the signs of physical and mental overstrain, and stimulates working capacity; creatine improves endurance and anaerobic activity; caffeine raises aerobic endurance by increasing the oxidation of fats, thereby helping preserve glycogen in the muscles; taurine plays an important role as an antioxidant protector in the regulation of Ca++ transport, and as a regulator of osmotic pressure in the tissues. © 2018, Diel et al

Immune mechanisms of atopic dermatitis and new approaches to targeted biological therapy

This review presents current data on immunopathogenesis, the role of cytokines in inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). The pathogenetic phenotypes of the disease associated with various abnormalities of immune mechanisms and dysfunction of the epidermal barrier are considered. The inflammatory processes in atopic dermatitis were shown to be implemented mainly through Th2-lymphocytes and IL-4 and IL-13 produced by these cells, which play a key role in the allergic cascade. It is the effects of IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines that determine the main pathophysiological mechanisms, such as decreased expression of epidermal barrier proteins and suppression of terminal differentiation of keratinocytes, microbiota disturbances, tissue remodelling, immunoglobulin isotype switching by B-lymphocytes and IgE synthesis, degranulation of mast cells and basophils, trafficking of inflammatory cells into tissues, itching. Moderate and severe forms of AD require administration of systemic therapy, which has been represented until recently by non-selective immunosuppressive drugs with moderate efficacy and pronounced side effects if they are used for a long time. Modern targeted therapy of atopic dermatitis provides for the use of monoclonal antibodies against both pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors. Directional action on the key mechanisms and targets of immune inflammation can minimize possible side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of IL-4 and IL-13 inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis are described. © 2022, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved

Clinical efficacy of vitamin-mineral complexes in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Introduction. Chronic diseases of the digestive system lead to impaired absorption, assimilation and metabolism of macro-and micronutrients, primarily vitamins, inhibition of microflora, producing a number of vitamins, which requires correction of nutritional status. Purpose of the study. To study the clinical efficacy of the “Gastrobin Forte” vitamin-mineral complex in patients with gastritis and gastroduodenitis. Materials and methods. An open observational clinical study was conducted on patients with chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis (the main group – 60 patients) and a comparison group (30 patients). An objective examination of patients were evaluated before the study, on the 14th, 30th, 60th and 120th days of observation. The results of the study. The 120-day administration of the vitamin-mineral complex «Gastrobin Forte» was well tolerated by patients, did not cause unwanted adverse reactions, including allergic ones. Two weeks later, there was a tendency to a decrease in the frequency of pain, discomfort in the epigastrium, and after 4 months all patients of the main group achieved persistent remission and the disappearance of the pain syndrome. At the same time, in the comparison group, complaints of discomfort in the epigastrium and unstable stool persisted in 10% of patients, and expressed pain syndrome persisted in 5% of patients. Conclusions. Gastrobin Forte is recommended as an additional source of vitamins and minerals for aftercare from hospital, as well as for prolonging remissions and preventing exacerbations. © 2020, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved

Dietary management of digestive and gastrointestinal disorders after long-term self-isolation and lockdown as well as patients with SARS-CoV-2 during the rehabilitation period

Introduction. The article examines disorders of the digestive function, diet regimes, appetite in conditions of prolonged self-isola-tion and quarantine during a coronavirus pandemic. The article analyzes the clinical efficacy and safety of the use of specialized dietary therapeutic and dietary preventive food products in conditions of self-isolation and quarantine. Methods. A survey was conducted of 620 individuals of various ages who were in self-isolation and quarantine from 1 to 1.5 months. All participants were questioned, examined by a gastroenterologist and therapist, biochemical and clinical blood tests, endoscopic examination of the stomach and duodenum, ultrasound of the abdominal organs. Results. A survey of 620 individuals showed that self-isolation / quarantine can lead to changes in diets, dietary patterns, changes in eating habits, the development of a number of symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract and other organs, changes in body weight, and chronicity. a number of previously existing diseases. The use of dietary food leads to an improvement in the antitoxic function of the liver, anti-inflammatory effects, and an improvement in the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases. Discussion. Clinical and laboratory data make it possible to state the need for the use of specialized dietary products of domestic production in the diet prophylactically in people from risk groups, as well as in patients with various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract both during illness and for the purpose of rehabilitation. Conclusion. Data on the efficacy and safety of dietary food products give reason to recommend them for inclusion in the diets of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, both during illness, in order to prevent complications and improve the effectiveness of treatment and subsequent rehabilitation of patients, as well as for the rehabilitation of individuals, who were in self-isolation and quarantine for a long time. © 2020, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ДЕТОКСИЦИРУЮЩЕГО ВЛИЯНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ ПИТАНИЯ DETOX НА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОРГАНИЗМА

Adverse environmental factors, prolonged pharmacotherapy of chronic diseases, irradiation therapy, food contaminants, poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol intake and other factors are the cause of metabolic disorders. This leads to cumulation in the body of xeno- and endobiotics and their metabolites, leading to a chronicity of pathological processes, an aggravation of the course of diseases, and a deterioration in the quality of life of patients. To eliminate the resulting toxins, detoxification diet therapy is the most physiological and effective. Purpose: to study the clinical effectiveness of the use of the Comprehensive nutrition program «DETOX», manufactured by LEOVIT Nutrio Ltd with the goal of detoxifying the organism. Material and methods. A 15-day study involved 20 volunteers. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of a comprehensive detoxification nutrition program, we used the developed «quality of life» questionnaire, organoleptic properties were assessed using 5 parameters (appearance, smell, color, taste, texture). We measured the dynamics of parameters of a clinical blood test (hemoglobin, leukocyte, erythrocyte levels, leukocyte counts), biochemical indicators of impaired liver function (AST, ALT, GGT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, urea, creatinine), the spectrum of blood lipids (concentration of total lipids and cholesterol) and fasting blood glucose. The concentration of lipid peroxidation products (LPO) was analyzed by spectrophotometric method. Results. It was found that the DETOX comprehensive nutrition program significantly reduces the level of LPO, normalizes creatinine, urea, and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT) in the blood, lowers ESR, glucose and cholesterol, improves skin barrier functions, has favorable organoleptic qualities and does not cause unwanted adverse reactions, including allergic ones. Conclusion. Studies of the clinical efficacy of the use of the DETOX comprehensive nutritional program showed that the products included in the program have pronounced detoxifying agents, improving the functions of the main organs and systems involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endotoxins, which is confirmed by pronounced hepatoprotective, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic effects.Неблагоприятные экологические факторы внешней среды, длительная фармакотерапия хронических заболеваний, лучевая терапия, контаминанты пищевых продуктов, нерациональное _ питание, курение, прием алкоголя и ряд других факторов служат причиной метаболических нарушений. Это приводит к кумуляции в организме ксено- и эндобиотиков и их метаболитов, что приводит к хронизации патологических процессов, утяжелению течения заболеваний, ухудшению качества жизни больных. Для выведения образующихся токсинов наиболее физиологичной и эффективной является детоксикационная терапия. Цель исследования - изучить клиническую эффективность применения комплексной программы питания DETOX («ДЕТОКС») производства ООО «ЛЕОВИТ нутрио» с целью детоксикации организма. Материал и методы. В 15-дневном исследовании принимали участие 20 добровольцев. Для оценки эффективности применения комплексной детоксикационной программы питания использовали разработанную анкету «качества жизни», органолептические свойства оценивались по 5 параметрам (внешний вид, запах, цвет, вкус, консистенция). Проводилось измерение динамики показателей клинического анализа крови (уровней гемоглобина, лейкоцитов, эритроцитов, показателей лейкоцитарной формулы), биохимических показателей нарушений функции печени (АСТ, АЛТ, ГГТ, общий билирубин, прямой билирубин, мочевина, креатинин), спектра липидов крови (по содержанию общего холестерина) и уровня глюкозы крови натощак. Содержание продуктов перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) анализировалось спектрофотометрическим методом. Результаты. Установлено, что комплекс сбалансированного питания DETOX («ДЕТОКС») достоверно снижает содержание продуктов ПОЛ, нормализует уровни креатинина, мочевины, печеночных ферментов (АСТ, АЛТ, ГГТ) в крови, снижает показатель скорости оседания эритроцитов (СОЭ), концентрацию глюкозы и холестерина, улучшает барьерные функции кожи, обладает благоприятными органолептическими качествами и не вызывает нежелательных побочных реакций, в том числе и аллергического характера. Заключение. Проведенные исследования клинической эффективности применения комплексной программы питания DETOX («ДЕТОКС») показали, что продукты, входящие в состав программы, обладают выраженными детоксицирующими средствами, улучшая функции основных органов и систем, участвующих в метаболизме ксенобиотиков и эндотоксинов, что подтверждено выраженными гепатопротекторными, антиоксидантными, гипохолестеринемическими эффектами

Оценка химического состава и энергетической ценности рационов питания высококвалифицированных спортсменов

159 highly skilled athletes were surveyed in the pre-competition period of sports training. A comparative assessment of the energy value and chemical composition of athletes diets on the basis of the questionnaire method of 24-hour (daily) reproduction of nutrition showed significant variability and dependence on the type of sports specialization of activities and gender of athletes. In particular, statistically significant (p <0.05) increase in the energy consumption value of rations in biathlonists was shown in comparison with athletes specializing in bullet shooting of various specializations of bobsleigh (overclockers and pilots) both in the male group (33.4%, 14, 8%, 31.5%), respectively, and female (33.9%, 13.8%, 41.7%), respectively. In the bobsledder of both sex groups specializing in overclocking, the energy values of rations were also statistically higher than those of athletes from the group of bullet shooting and bobsleigh pilots: by 21.7% and 19.6%, respectively, in the male group and 23.2% and 32.3%, respectively, in the female. Depending on the type of athletic activity and gender of athletes, the consumption of the main macro-intravenous animals varied significantly. In particular, the amount of protein ranged from 119.2 to 200.2 g/day in men and from 79.5 to 170.1 g/day in women; fat - 119.1-164.2 g / day for men and 84.6-148.8 g/day for women; carbohydrates - 385.1-594.6 g/day, in men and 285.5-475.6 in women.Было обследовано 159 высококвалифицированных спортсменов в предсоревновательный период спортивной подготовки. Сравнительная оценка энергетической ценности и химического состава рационов питания спортсменов на основе анкетно-опросного метода 24-часового (суточного) воспроизведения питания показала значительную вариабельность и зависимость от вида спортивной специализации и половой принадлежности спортсменов. В частности, было показано статистически достоверное (р < 0,05) увеличение показателей энергетической ценности рационов у биатлонистов по сравнению со спортсменами, специализирующимися в пулевой стрельбе, различных специализациях бобслея (разгоняющие и пилоты), как в мужской группе - 33,4%, 14,8%, 31,5% соответственно, так и женской (33,9%, 13,8%, 41,7% соответственно. У бобслеистов обеих половых групп, специализирующихся в разгоне, показатели энергетической ценности рационов также были статистически выше по сравнению с показателями спортсменов из группы пулевой стрельбы и бобслеистов-пилотов: на 21,7% и 19,6% соответственно в мужской группе и на 23,2% и 32,3% соответственно в женской. В зависимости от вида спортивной деятельности и пола спортсменов потребление основных макронутриентов варьировало в значительных пределах. В частности, количество белка составляло от 119,2 до 200,2 г/сут у мужчин и от 79,5 до 170,1 г/сут у женщин; жира - 119,1-164,2 г/сут у мужчин и 84,6-148,8 г/сут у женщин; углеводов - 385,1-594,6 г/сут, у мужчин и 285,5-475,6 у женщин

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РЕГИДРАТАЦИИ ОРГАНИЗМА СПОРТСМЕНОВ ДЕТСКО-ЮНОШЕСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ИЗОТОНИЧЕСКИХ НАПИТКОВ «ИЗОНОК» и «ИЗОНОК+»

The study investigates the safety and efficacy of new isotonic drinks for the rehydration of athletes in children and adolescents. The physiological and immunological parameters of their influence on the body of skiers have been investigated

Dietary therapeutic and preventive food products in complex therapy of gastroinal tract diseases associated with helicobacter pylori

Introduction. The paper presents modern literature and clinical research data on the efficacy and safety of dietary therapeutic and prophylactic foods in the complex therapy of diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori. Aim. To assess the efficacy and safety of the use of dietary therapeutic and prophylactic food products in the complex therapy of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract associated with Helicobacter pylori. Materials and methods. To evaluate the efficacy of dietary therapeutic and prophylactic food products such as Vegetable Puree Soup with Herbs and Oatmeal, Oatmeal Porridge with Herbs and Flax Seed, Protein-Sea Buckthorn Cocktail (LEOVIT Nutrio LLC), the main group of patients with gastrointestinal diseases (n = 41) was formed, which was further divided into four subgroups. Each of three subgroups received one specialty food product, and the fourth subgroup received all three products. Changes in complete blood count were evaluated using Sysmex XT-2000i analyzer, those in proteinograms – using SAS1, SAS2 protein fraction analyser and those in metabolic liver disorders, lipid profile and glucose level – using Konelab PRIME 30i (Thermo Fisher Scientific) analyzer. All parameters were studied three times: Before use, 14 and 60 days after use of the products. Results and discussion. After 14 days, complaints of lack of appetite decreased in the main group, discomfort in the epigastrium, feeling of heaviness and nausea decreased. After 60 days, 100% of patients reported no heartburn, belching, nausea, pain, rumbling in the abdomen, appetite and stool returned to normal. There was a marked significant (p <0.05) decrease in the level of alpha-1 globulin against the background of an increase in albumin, a decrease in the concentration of CRP and ESR, the levels of leukocytes and neutrophils in all subgroups of the main group after 60 days. Conclusions. The investigated products are safe, no adverse reactions were noted, including the phenomena of intolerance and allergies, and are recommended for use in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract associated with Helicobacter pylori. © 2021, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ У КРЫС С АЛКОГОЛЬНОЙ ИНТОКСИКАЦИЕЙ НА ФОНЕ КОРРЕКЦИИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЛИПОЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

The study presents the features of prooxidant-antioxidant blood balance and endogenous intoxication in animals with chronic alcohol intoxication lasting 1 or 2 months, as well as the effect of lipoic acid on the course of the studied pathological process. The study was conducted on 100 white non-linear male rats divided into 6 groups: a control group, a comparison group, the animals of which were alcoholized for 1 or 2 months (groups 2 and 3); a group of rats, which against the background of alcohol intoxication was administered lipoic acid orally, intraperitoneally and according to a mixed regimen (4-6 groups). As a result of the studies, it was found that carrying out 1 or 2 months of alcoholization is accompanied by close in severity biochemical changes characterizing the cytolytic syndrome and endogenous intoxication. For animals of groups 2 and 3, increased values of LDH and ALT activity were characteristic by 2.3-2.5 and 1.7-2.0 times, respectively. Changes in the state of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in animals of groups 2 and 3 consisted in a decrease in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma by 20-33% and an increase of 1.6-2.0 times in the intensity of oxidative processes in red blood cells, with more pronounced changes being defined in animals of the 3rd group. The use of lipoic acid, regardless of a route of administration, helped normalize the prooxidant-antioxidant balance and reduce the level of endogenous intoxication, but did not significantly affect the level of hepatocyte cytolysis. The use of lipoic acid, regardless of a route of administration, helped normalize the prooxidantantioxidant balance and reduce the level of endogenous intoxication, but did not significantly affect the level of hepatocyte cytolysis. The data obtained indicate a prospect of additional administration of lipoic acid as part of a complex detoxification therapy of alcohol intoxication, but also indicate that lipoic acid does not have significant independent hepatoprotective activity under these conditions.В работе представлено исследование особенностей прооксидантно-антиоксидантного баланса крови и эндогенной интоксикации у животных с хронической алкогольной интоксикацией длительностью 1 или 2 месяца, а также влияние липоевой кислоты на течение изученного патологического процесса. Исследование проведено на 100 белых нелинейных самцах крыс, разделенных на 6 групп: контрольная группа, группы сравнения, животные которых подвергались алкоголизации в течение 1 или 2-х месяцев (2-я и 3-я группы), группы крыс, которым на фоне алкогольной интоксикации вводили липоевую кислоту перорально, внутрибрюшинно и по смешанной схеме (4-6 группы). В результате проведенных исследований было установлено, что проведение 1 или 2-х месячной алкоголизации сопровождается близкими по выраженности биохимическими изменениями, характеризующими цитолитический синдром и эндогенную интоксикацию. Для животных 2-3-й групп были характерны увеличенные значения активности ЛДГ и АЛТ в 2,3-2,5 и 1,7-2,0 раза соответственно. Изменения состояния прооксидантно-антиоксидантного баланса у животных 2-3-й групп заключались в снижении общей антиоксидантной активности плазмы крови на 20-33% и повышении в 1,6-2,0 раза интенсивности окислительных процессов в эритроцитах, при этом более выраженные изменения были определены у животных 3-й группы. Использование липоевой кислоты вне зависимости от способа введения способствовало нормализации прооксидантно-антиоксидантного баланса и снижению уровня эндогенной интоксикации, однако существенно не влияло на уровень цитолиза гепатоцитов. Полученные данные указывают на перспективность дополнительного введения липоевой кислоты в составе комплексной детоксикационной терапии алкогольной интоксикации, однако также свидетельствуют о том, что существенной самостоятельной гепатопротекторной активностью в данных условиях липоевая кислота не обладает