The small and medium enterprises Act as catalyst for economic growth and development in Pakistan: Economic growth and development perspective

This paper explores the value of small and medium enterprises for the economic growth and development especially in Pakistan. Moreover, it assesses the usage of information technology in SMEs sector of Pakistan. According to the recent Census of Establishments conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) there are about 3.2 million economic establishments in Pakistan. Out of these Small & Medium sized enterprises (SMEs) (with employment base up to 99) constitute 90% of all private enterprises employing approximately 78% of non-agriculture labor force1. SMEs contributed over 30% to GDP, 25% in export earnings besides sharing 35% in manufacturing value addition2. The paper suggests that SMEs act as a catalyst to economical growth and development where IT embedded in their operations, planning and decisions like Hong Kong, Denmark and USA. Many other societies also place great value on the small and medium enterprises and encourage their activity. In fact, wealth and a high majority of jobs are created by small & medium businesses in the world. As a result, many experienced business people, political leaders, economists, and educators believe that fostering a robust small and medium business culture will maximize individual and collective economic and social success on a local, national, and global scale. It is recommended that SMEs may be offered access to inexpensive capital, tax exemptions and management advice & experiences and IT infrastructure which further leads toward the economical growth & development. The economical growth and development in a country can brings happiness and prosperity to its nation

ORGANIZATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES OF JOB INSECURITY: A CROSS SECTIONAL INVESTIGATION IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS OF PAKISTAN USING SUBJECTIVE APPROACH OF JOB INSECURITY

Job Insecurity being the prevailing phenomenon has beendiscovered to be connected with psychological disorders such asanxiety, uncertainty and stress. It has also been evident that jobinsecurity perception triggers intention to leave and results indecreased job satisfaction, organizational commitment and jobperformance. This cross-sectional study examined the phenomenonin the private sector organizations of Pakistan where vital existenceof the perceived job insecurity has been observed. 250 respondentswere selected by stratified sampling technique to gather primary data.Findings have significantly supported the model developed and jobinsecurity has proved to be the contributor of psychological outcomein term of stress, anxiety and uncertainty. These psychologicaloutcomes along with job insecurity negatively affect job performance,organizational commitment, intention to leave and job satisfactionwhich does not only impact the mental health of the victims of jobinsecurity but ultimately organization’s productivity and futureprospects of growth

Zika virus infection: a public health emergency!

Zika virus belongs to the family of Flaviviridae. The Flaviviridae family also includes other human pathogens like West Nile virus (WNV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), mosquito transmitted Dengue virus (DENV), Tick borne encephalitic virus (TBEV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Zika virus is a mosquito-borne disease and is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito

Impact of Demographic Variables on Perceived Sources of Occupational Stress among Gomal University Teaching Staff

This study aims to indicate various sources of teaching stress among teaching staff in Gomal University with regard to 5 major groups of stressors to determine if gender difference existed in stress level of academic in the study variables. The major groups included classroom related difficulties, teaching load, student’s misbehavior, job /career problems and interpersonal relations. These groups of stressors were further elaborated in the list of 36 variables used in the instrument of study. The sample consists of 250 (210 males and 40 females) from the staff serving in different teaching departments staff. Questionnaire was used for data gathering. Findings reveal the results also indicated that male and female academic differed in perceived stress level in teaching. Recommendation made include making more funds available to academic staff for research and career development purposes. Keywords: Descriptive study, potential stressors, University teaching staff, career development, gender differences, impact of teacher’s demographics

Analysis of consumption behaviour concerning current income and lags consumption: Empirical evidence from Pakistan

As in other economies, consumption expenditure is the largest component of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan economy. The figure has been estimated around 80 percent of the GDP and demonstrates that historically, Pakistan’s economic growth is characterized as consumption-led growth. The present paper aims to explore the relationship between income and consumption using annual time series data for the period: 1975 to 2012 in Pakistan. For empirical investigation the linear regression model and the method of Least Squares is used as analytical techniques. Empirical results support the existence of a significant positive relationship between income and consumption. The finding suggests that long term committed planning is indispensable to enhance the productive capacity of the economy, employment opportunities and reduce poverty levels more effectively

Samsonite: Case Study

This case study aimed at shedding light on the new emerging trends of business observed in the Asian region. Today, big multinationals are learning from Asia and applying best practices, developed in this continent, in their operations worldwide spanning from USA, South America and Europe. In particular, this case study paid focus on the strategy adopted by Timothy Charles Parker, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Samsonite International S.A, incorporated in March 2011. It also focused on the turnaround strategy applied by him for the Samsonite (Luggage Company). Charles Parker is a man with a reputation for turning around companies from losses to prof itability. He was put in charge by the Board to revive Samsonite that was continuously losing its strength and market share in the year of 2009. From this perspective, this study tried to explore the methodology adopted by Timothy Charles Parker to successfully revive the company. It is also noteworthy to note how Timothy Charles Parker paid careful attention to the integration strategy by Ramesh Tainwala in India to support the Samsonite operations in American and European operations. Furthermore, Asian region was also used for tapping funds from the stock market because of damage to the brand equity of Samsonite in the developed markets. Within the period of merely seven years, Samsonite is now one of the most thriving and successful luggage companies in the world and its share is most sought after in Hong Kong stock market. Based on the studies case, it can be recommended that management practices developed in Asian region can also be adopted in order to revive