A Computational analysis on Lectin and Histone H1 protein of different pulse species as well as comparative study with rice for balanced diet

The issue of balanced nutrition is of great concern to human. Meat and fish are the best sources of protein. The affordability of these resources for people in developing countries is less. Thus, there is an increasing interest in pulses and its derivates as an alternative to fish and meat. Lectin and histone H1 are the most common proteins in various pulses and our interest is in identifying the dominant essential amino acids in them for use as supplements. However, actin and lectin are common among Oryza Sativa and cicer arietinum. We describe the amount of lectin and histone H1 in cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum in a comparative manner. cicer arietinum was found to contain more essential amino acids than Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum. The secondary structures of lectin and histone H1 protein were analyzed to gain functional inferences in these species. The comparative study shows the relatively poor presence of the amino acid methionine in most pulses. However, Oryza Sativa was found to contain sufficient methionine. The study shows that pulses (especially cicer arietinum) were a suitable alternative source to meat and fish for Lectin and Histone H1 balance. Hence, pulses could be suggested with rice for balanced protein diet

Roles of long noncoding RNA in triple‐negative breast cancer

Abstract Introduction Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating various hallmarks in cancers. Triple‐negative (Estrogen receptor, ER; Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2; Progesterone receptor, PR) breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancers with a poor prognosis and no available molecular targeted therapy. Methods We reviewed the current literature on the roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and prognosis of patients with TBNC. Results LncRNAs are associated with TNBC pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and prognosis. For example, lncRNAs such as small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12), highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), lincRNA‐regulator of reprogramming (LincRNA‐ROR), etc., are aberrantly expressed in TNBC and are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. LncRNAs act as a decoy, scaffold, or sponge to regulate the expression of genes, miRNAs, and transcription factors associated with pathogenesis and progression of TNBC. Moreover, lncRNAs such as ferritin heavy chain 1 pseudogene 3 (FTH1P3), BMP/OP‐responsive gene (BORG) contributes to the therapy resistance property of TNBC through activating ABCB1 (ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1) drug efflux pumps by increasing DNA repair capacity or by inducing signaling pathway involved in therapeutic resistance. Conclusion In this review, we outline the functions of various lncRNAs along with their molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis, therapeutic resistance of TBNC. Also, the prognostic implications of lncRNAs in patients with TNBC is illustrated. Moreover, potential strategies targeting lncRNAs against highly aggressive TNBC is discussed in this review

The Antioxidative Fraction of White Mulberry Induces Apoptosis through Regulation of p53 and NFκB in EAC Cells.

In this study, the antioxidative fraction of white mulberry (Morus alba) was found to have an apotogenic effect on Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cell-induced mice (EAC mice) that correlate with upregulated p53 and downregulated NFκB signaling. The antioxidant activities and polyphenolic contents of various mulberry fractions were evaluated by spectrophotometry and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was selected for further analysis. Strikingly, the EAF caused 70.20% tumor growth inhibition with S-phase cell cycle arrest, normalized blood parameters including red/white blood cell counts and suppressed the tumor weight of EAC mice compared with untreated controls. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of EAF-treated EAC cells revealed DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, and plasma membrane blebbing. These characteristic morphological features of apoptosis influenced us to further investigate pro- and anti-apoptotic signals in EAF-treated EAC mice. Interestingly, apoptosis correlated with the upregulation of p53 and its target genes PARP-1 and Bax, and also with the down-regulation of NFκB and its target genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Our results suggest that the tumor- suppressive effect of the antioxidative fraction of white mulberry is likely due to apoptosis mediated by p53 and NFκB signaling

Cone-manifolds and hyperbolic surgeries

We first introduce hyperbolic, Euclidean, and spherical cone-manifolds of arbitrary dimension. After that, we carefully describe a deforming hyperbolic 4-polytope of finite volume. Finally, we glue copies of that polytope to get some interesting deformations of hyperbolic cone-manifolds of dimension four. In particular, we discover some four-dimensional instances of Thurston's hyperbolic Dehn surgery and degeneration. We also find the smallest known hyperbolic 4-manifold that is not commensurable with the integral lattice of O(4,1)

Differences in the hematological parameters of normal group (Group I: non tumor-bearing, which received vehicle only), untreated tumor-bearing control mice (Group II), and EAF-treated tumor-bearing mice (Group III) on day 12 after tumor inoculation.

<p>(A) White blood cell (WBC) count, (B) Red blood cell (RBC) count, (C) % of Hemoglobin (Hb). Significant differences of Group II and Group III was compared with Group I marked as asterisk and phi represents significant differences between Group III and Group II (*/^φ<i>p</i> < 0.05, **/ ^{φ φ}<i>p</i> < 0.01, and ***/ ^φφφ<i>p <</i> 0.001). Tumor weight differences (D) was measured and % of tumor weight was calculated compared to Group II, Group III, and Group IV (bleomycin-treated tumor-bearing mice) daily per mouse upto 20 days of treatment. Data are representative of three independent experiments (4 mice per group). Significant differences of Group III and Group IV was compared with Group II marked as asterisk (*<i>p <</i> 0.05, **<i>p <</i> 0.01, and ***<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p

Polyphenol content of CME, PEF, CHF, EAF and AQF.

<p>Polyphenol content of CME, PEF, CHF, EAF and AQF.</p

Determination of morphological changes of tumor bearing EAC cells and percentage of apoptosis by fluorescence microscopy and flowcytometry, respectively.

<p>(3A) Tumor-bearing untreated control group (Group II) versus (3B) EAF treated, tumor-bearing group (Group III); arrows indicate apoptotic features, including condensed chromatin, apoptotic bodies, plasma membrane blebbing, and nuclear fragmentation. (3C) EAC cells were treated with EAF <i>in vitro</i> for different time intervals and percentage of apoptotic cells of total cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Data are shown as means of 3 independent experiments (n = 3).</p

Analysis of mRNA of pro-and anti-apoptotic genes.

<p>Expression of (A, upper panel) NFκB, p53, and PARP-1 and (B, upper panel) Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Bax genes was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in EAF-untreated EAC control mice (C) and EAF-treated EAC mice (T). The positions of the genes along with their length are indicated on the left in bp. The bottom panel shows the PCR products of GAPDH as a control. GAPDH transcript was used to normalize the expression levels. Relative expression of (A, lower panel) NFκB, p53, and PARP-1 and (B, lower panel) Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Bax genes was determined by a densitometric method. (C (i), upper and C (ii) lower panels) Fold changes of NFκB and p53 relative to untreated control (C) was determined by a densitometric method. Error bars indicate the S.D. from three different experiments. M represents 1 kb DNA ladder; C and T indicate control and EAF-treated mice, respectively. The asterisks indicate that EAF treated tumor bearing mice is significantly different (*<i>p <</i> 0.05, **<i>p <</i> 0.01, and ***<i>p</i> < 0.001) from untreated control group.</p