EAST: Energy Efficient Adaptive Scheme for Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose Energy-efficient Adaptive Scheme for Transmission (EAST) in WSNs. EAST is IEEE 802.15.4 standard compliant. In this approach, open-loop is used for temperature-aware link quality estimation and compensation. Whereas, closed-loop feedback helps to divide network into three logical regions to minimize overhead of control packets on basis of Threshold transmitter power loss (RSSIloss) for each region and current number of neighbor nodes that help to adapt transmit power according to link quality changes due to temperature variation. Simulation results show that propose scheme; EAST effectively adapts transmission power to changing link quality with less control packets overhead and energy consumption compared to classical approach with single region in which maximum transmitter power assigned to compensate temperature variation

A study investigating the level of satisfaction with the health services provided by the Pharmacist at ENT hospital, Eastern Region Alahsah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

AbstractThe current study aims to evaluate the patient’s level of satisfaction with health care services provided by the pharmacist at Aljaber ENT hospital, Eastern Region Alahsah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional study was planned from 1st March 2011 until 31st May 2011. A 27 item questionnaire was used, scoring of the responses was done to classify the patient satisfaction into sublevels. The maximum possible score was 36; those scoring less than twenty were graded as poor satisfaction level followed by moderate satisfaction level 21–25, good satisfaction level 26–30 and high satisfaction level 31–36. Statistical package for social science version 13® was used to analyze data, One-way ANOVA and independent sample t-test were applied to see the differences in the level of satisfaction. Every third patient visiting pharmacy was given a chance to participate in this study. A total of N=991 patients were randomized using the pharmacy appointment number. Of whom 657 patients have shown willingness to participate in this study. The response rate of this study was 66.30%, most of the respondents 383 (58.1%) were male ranging from the age group of 21–40years with a mean age of 32years SD 9.73. The mean score for all patients was 26.15 SD ±3.4. Among all the demographic variables a significant difference in satisfaction level was found among in terms of age (df=8, F=8.36, p=<0.001∗), gender (t=−4.089, df=656, p=<0.001∗) and race (df=2, F=8.47, p=<0.001. The satisfaction level among Saudi nationals was least in comparison to Egyptians and others. In general, it is seen that respondents of age 56–60years were most satisfied with the healthcare services provided by the pharmacist. In addition, the satisfaction level was higher among female patients in comparison to men

Crystal structure of 3-{(E)-[(3, 4-dichloro-phenyl)imino]methyl}benzene-1, 2-diol

The authors acknowledge the provision of funds for the purchase of diffractometer and encouragement by Dr.Muhammad Akram Chaudhary, Vice Chancellor, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

4-[(Anthracen-9-yl­methyl­idene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one

In the title compound, C26H21N3O, the phenyl ring of the 4-amino­anti­pyrine group and the heterocyclic five-membered ring along with its substituents, except for the N-bound methyl group (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0027 Å), form a dihedral angle of 54.20 (5)°. Two S(6) ring motifs are formed due to intra­molecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into supra­molecular chains along the a-axis direction via C—H⋯O contacts

2-[(2-Chloro­benzyl­idene)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro-1-benzothio­phene-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C16H13ClN2S, the mean planes fitted through all non-H atoms of the heterocyclic five-membered and the benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 5.19 (7)°. In the crystal, a weak C—H⋯π inter­action occurs, along with weak π–π inter­actions [cenroid–centroid distance = 3.7698 (11) Å]

Assessment of potential drug–drug interactions and its associated factors in the hospitalized cardiac patients

AbstractDrug–drug interactions (DDIs) may result in the alteration of therapeutic response. Sometimes they may increase the untoward effects of many drugs. Hospitalized cardiac patients need more attention regarding drug–drug interactions due to complexity of their disease and therapeutic regimen. This research was performed to find out types, prevalence and association between various predictors of potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) in the Department of Cardiology and to report common interactions. This study was performed in the hospitalized cardiac patients at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Patient charts of 2342 patients were assessed for pDDIs using Micromedex® Drug Information. Logistic regression was applied to find predictors of pDDIs. The main outcome measure in the study was the association of the potential drug–drug interactions with various factors such as age, gender, polypharmacy, and hospital stay of the patients. We identified 53 interacting-combinations that were present in total 5109 pDDIs with median number of 02 pDDIs per patient. Overall, 91.6% patients had at least one pDDI; 86.3% were having at least one major pDDI, and 84.5% patients had at least one moderate pDDI. Among 5109 identified pDDIs, most were of moderate (55%) or major severity (45%); established (24.2%), theoretical (18.8%) or probable (57%) type of scientific evidence. Top 10 common pDDIs included 3 major and 7 moderate interactions. Results obtained by multivariate logistic regression revealed a significant association of the occurrence of pDDIs in patient with age of 60years or more (p<0.001), hospital stay of 7days or longer (p<0.001) and taking 7 or more drugs (p<0.001). We found a high prevalence for pDDIs in the Department of Cardiology, most of which were of moderate severity. Older patients, patients with longer hospital stay and with elevated number of prescribed drugs were at higher risk of pDDIs