N-Sulfonylation of amines, imides, amides and anilides using p-TsCl in presence of atomized sodium in EtOH-THF under sonic condition

A simple, facile and an efficient procedure for the N-sulfonylation of amines, imides, amides and anilides using p-TsCl in the presence of atomized sodium in a mixture of EtOH-THF under sonic condition is developed. The method is rapid, mild and inexpensive; yields are high and the reactions go to completion within 2-8 min. © 2015 Elsevier B.V

Refeeding Syndrome: A Literature Review

Refeeding syndrome (RFS) describes the biochemical changes, clinical manifestations, and complications that can occur as a consequence of feeding a malnourished catabolic individual. RFS has been recognised in the literature for over fifty years and can result in serious harm and death. Crude estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality are available for specific populations. RFS can occur in any individual but more commonly occurs in at-risk populations. Increased awareness amongst healthcare professionals is likely to reduce morbidity and mortality. This review examines the physiology of RFS and describes the clinical manifestations. A management strategy is described. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach is emphasized

(In) Direct Effects of Customer-Defined Market Orientation on Brand Loyalty through Purchase Intention and Brand Image: A Parallel Mediation Approach

This study investigates the impact of market orientation on brand loyalty, primarily through variables pertaining to the purchase intention and brand image. In order to achieve this aim, this study have resorted to testing the relationships between customer-defined market orientation and purchase intention, and the brand image, leading to brand loyalty. In this regard, the study is quantitative in nature, and uses the cross-sectional design. For this purpose, the primary data were collected from gold jewelry customers (n = 413) from Karachi, Pakistan. Three key findings emerged from the structural model testing. The first finding revealed that the customer, competitor and interventional orientation are positively associated with the purchase intention, brand image and loyalty of gold jewelry customers. Secondly, in simple mediation, the purchase intentions and brand image tend to fully mediate the impact of customer orientation, and competitor orientation on the brand loyalty of gold jewelry customers, while partially mediating the association between the interfunctional coordination and brand loyalty. The third finding revealed that, in parallel to the mediation effect, the impact of customer, competitor and interfunctional orientation on brand loyalty is fully mediated by the purchase intention and brand image. This research is useful for gold jewelry businesses and business owners, since on a comparative level, less research has been conducted in the domestic industry of Pakistan

Association of Physical Activity with Co-morbid Conditions in Geriatric Population

To find out association of physical activity with co-morbid conditions in geriatric population, a cross-sectional study was conducted in different cties of Pakistan in 2015. A total of 114 participants were inducted by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data was collected after informed verbal consent by a validated questionnaire that is Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA). Participants were categorized into two groups i.e. physically active and physically inactive. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20. There were 66 (57.9%) males and 48 (42.1%) females with mean age of 57.04±7.348 years. Among hypertensive individuals (n=43, 37.7%) there were 39 (90.7%) physically inactive, among individuals having angina (n=17, 14.9%) there were 15 (88.2%) physically inactive. Out of 37 (32.5%) diabetics, 35 (94.6%) were physically inactive. Among individuals suffering from arthritis (n=40, 35.1%), there were 38 (95%) physically inactive. A significant association was found between physical activity and diabetes and arthritis with p-value of 0.048 and 0.029 respectively. Physical activity is significantly associated with diabetes and arthritis in geriatric population. Adequate physical activity should be performed to reduce the risk of co-morbid conditions and improve the quality of life in geriatric population

Meglumine catalyzed one-pot green synthesis of novel 4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo3,4-bpyridin-6-amines

Meglumine efficiently catalyzes the one-pot, five-component reaction of hydrazine, ethyl acetoacetate, aryl aldehydes, substituted phenylacetonitriles and ammonium acetate in ethanol at room temperature to afford novel 4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo3,4-bpyridin-6-amine derivatives. The present approach offers several advantages such as shorter reaction durations, low cost, excellent yields, milder reaction conditions, simple workup procedure and is environment friendly. All the synthesized derivatives are characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR, HRMS and CHN analysis. � 2016 Mohamed Afzal Pash