Gender Differences In Susceptibility To Normative Social Influence On The Purchase Decisions Of Designer Label Apparel

This study examines susceptibility to normative social influence on purchase decisions of designer label apparel in Malaysia. The study focuses on the youth market with special consideration given to gender differences. Influences of family and peers were examined along with celebrity influences. A total of 319 youth participated in the study. Results indicate that gender differences do exist with males exhibiting a higher likelihood of being influenced by their reference groups. Celebrity influence was also found to be weaker than that exerted by direct reference groups

Comparison of Ferrous Sulphate with Iron Polymaltose in Treating Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Children

Background: To compare the efficacy of ferrous sulphate vs Iron polymaltose complex for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in children. Methods:  In this randomized control trial , 170 children having iron deficiency anaemia with hemoglobin< 10g/dl and serum ferritin levels below 6ng/ml were selected . Patients were randomly allocated into Group A, given Syrup  ferrous sulphate in a dose of 6mg/kg/day of elemental iron once daily for 4 weeks and Group B, given syrup  iron polymaltose complex in a dose of 6mg/kg/day of elemental iron once daily orally for 4 weeks. Results: - The average age was 24.86±17.85 months. The efficacy was significantly high in ferrous sulphate as compare to Iron polymaltose complex for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (p=0.009). Conclusion: Ferrous sulphate  has advantage over iron polymaltose complex in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia where rise in haemoglobin was considere

PAEDIATRIC RETINOBLASTOMA PRESENTATION IN A REGIONAL CANCER CENTRE IN PAKISTAN

Purpose: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common paediatric intraocular tumour. In the developed world, RB accounts for <5% of all paediatric cancers. In the developing world, RB may comprise about 10–15% of all diagnosed paediatriccancers according to hospital-based retrospective study in India.Methods: Medical records for all diagnoses of RB at our regional cancer centre were retrospectively reviewed from January 2005 to September 2015 after IRB approval.Results: A total of 258 (100%) patient charts were reviewed. More male n = 163 (63.2%) patients were seen than females n = 95 (36.8%). Most patients were diagnosed before the age of 5 years. Positive family history was seenin 20 (7.8%) patients. The total number of bilateral disease was seen in 75 (29.1%) patients and 183 (70.9%) had unilateral diagnoses. Median age at presentation was 24 months for bilateral and 36 months for unilateral disease.Conclusions: The median age at presentation shows a significant delay in the establishment of diagnosis for both unilateral and bilateral RB. Compared to western data, there were a higher number of male patients seen. Financialconstraints, access to primary health care, lack of trained personnel and cultural practices are likely factors, leading to delayed presentation and advanced disease state.Key words: Retinoblastoma, ocular tumours, leukocori

Measuring Patient Satisfaction Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study At PNS RAHAT Hospital Karachi.

Objective: To describe patient satisfaction with hospital services and staff dealing. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between January to April-2011 at out-patient departments of PNS Rahat. Randomly selected 96 patients entitled to free medical treatment were offered to voluntarily fill the pretested structured questionnaire in URDU(with mathematical scoring for each selected satisfaction index selected) to comment on the various aspects of services offered at the hospital. The four objective satisfaction scores included: 1-seating /waiting facilities, 2-length of waiting time, 3-staff attitude and 4-Cleanliness at the outpatient departments, radiology, laboratory and pharmacy. Results: The availed mean score was 80.1 + 42.6. Out of the total possible score of 170 of the questionnaires filled. The mean patient score achieved was 57.4 + 33.9. Patients scored less on the satisfaction indices pertaining to waiting time [Average score=4.73/10] and comfortable stay [Average score=6.43/10] in the waiting areas of the hospital OPDs. Patients had a higher satisfaction score on indices related to sanitation/cleanliness issues [Average score=7.52/10] and staff attitude [Average score=7.71/10]. Conclusion: Prolonged waiting time and non-availability of quality stay in waiting areas of outpatient departments and diagnostic centers are the cause of lesser patient satisfaction during a patient's visit to hospital

Single Stage Reconstructive Surgery to Treat Anorectal Malformations in Neonates; Ten Years Experience

Objective: To present single surgeon’s ten years’ experience of Single stage reconstructive surgery in 26 neonates born with anorectal malformations (ARMs) and review of literature. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of 26 neonates admitted in NICU with diagnosis of ARMs between period of June 2011 to Oct 2021 and managed by single stage reconstructive surgery with an average follow up of three years. All these patients were full term. The diagnosis was confirmed on clinical examination supported by cross table lateral film in prone position after 24 hours and ultrasound evaluation of level of rectal pouch. Single stage reconstructive surgery was done under general anesthesia within 24 to 48 hours after birth. The outcome of single stage reconstruction of neonates with anorectal malformations is evaluated post operatively during an average regular follow up of 3 years. Results: All the 26 neonates are treated by single stage reconstructive surgery between 24 to 48 hours after birth during the period from June 2011 to Oct 2021 who were admitted with anorectal malformations in NICU after excluding associated congenital anomalies.  All the patients had excellent cosmetic and functional outcome without significant problem of wound infection. Only 3 female patients with recto-vestibular fistula had mild superficial wound infection and were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Single stage reconstructive surgery to treat ARMs in neonates I effective, safe and feasible with good continence. It avoids morbidity and higher cost associated with three stage surgeries and colostomy. This fact may further be confirmed through multi-institutional experience in large number of patients

Differentiation between heuristic and meticulous domain of financial risk taking propensity

Relaxing the assumption of rational human being, this study examined the risk taking aspect of financial decision making. In this study financial risk taking propensity is explored with altogether new facet and classify it in two domains. First domain highlights advantageous aspect for wealth and economic prosperity while second can be a menace for wealth and prosperity. Literature is precisely collected to sharpen this peculiarity and to reach on imperative determinants of each domain. Objective is to create differentiation (distinction, discrepancy, peculiarity) between affective (heuristic) and cognitive domain of financial risk taking propensity using empirical approach.  Our results predict that in heuristic domain the bias of dispositional affect and propensity to rely on emotions are significantly dominant factors to take risky investment. Whereas, in beneficial risk taking domain (called cognitive), financial literacy, financial self-efficacy, stock market knowledge and thoughtful analytical processing style found to have significant impact. The evidences reported in this study not only support insightful investment decisions but also elaborate risky behavior of renowned financial players

Comparison and Coordination of Theories of Interest: a New Theory for Structural Adjustments in India

The integration of the world's financial markets is increasing the pressure of external factors in the determination of domestic monetary policies and interest rates. Though the approaches of Major central banks towards the conduct of monetary policy differ in detail, there is broad agreement on fundamentals:a) Pursuit of price stabilityb) Stability of financial markets. For this reason, real long-term interest rates are likely to converge on an international norm, the level of which will be determined by a complex interaction of both monetary and real factors, (New theory) and in particular by the pace of technological advance

Pattern of dyslipoproteinemia in selected population of Karachi

Pattern of dyslipoproteinemia was studied ,over a period of 3-1/2 years in 487(394 males, 93 females) cases aged 4 to above 70 years. Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia was most prevalent (36%) followed by type V (15%

10-year pattern of admissions in psychiatric unit at a tertiary care hospital in pakistan.

To identify the pattern of psychiatric morbidity in hospitalized patients of a tertiary care unit.Design; Details of patient’s admissions from the case register of psychiatric unit were recorded retrospectively.The study was conducted in Dept. of Psychiatry Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre JPMC Karachi and included data of ten years. RESULTS;- TA total of 5527 patients were hospitalized during period of ten years (1995 – 2004). Among them 62.612% (n = 3461) were males and 37.38 (n = 2066) were females. The majority of patients were in the age range of 15 – 44 years. On the basis of ICD classification, mood disorders (F 30 – F 39) (42.42%) were most frequent diagnosis made, followed by schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F20-F29) (26.50%), mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use (9.5%).CONCLUSION; Pattern of inpatients psychiatric disorders is slightly different from outpatient population and comprised of mostly patients with un-manageable acute psychiatric disorder. This measure of assessment of needs will help in allocation of resources

Infiltrating syringomatous adenoma of nipple

Infiltrating syringomatous adenoma of the nipple is a rare, benign lesion with distinct clinical and histological features. Origin from ducts of dermal sweat glands has been postulated. Important differential diagnosis include nipple adenoma, tubular carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. Appropriate local management includes accurate diagnosis and complete excision to avoid local recurrences. This report describes the condition in a 39-year-old parous lady