Pigment Ink Formulation, Tests and Test Methods for Pigmented Textile Inks

Cotton, polyester, and cotton polyester blended woven fabrics were printed using an ink jet print using by means of a prepared pigment ink. Literature indicated that the development of insoluble pigment-based inks presents enormous challenges to the ink formulator. Meanwhile, pigments face several application problems in terms of their dispersion stability within the ink formulation, and consequently blocking the nozzles within the inkjet print head.The study was done on route bases: Formation of pigment ink for textile, Tests and test methods for pigmented textile inks, Limitations and Approaches in Development of Pigment Based Inks Keywords: Binder system, Dispersing agent, Tests and test methods, Ink formulation, pre-and post-treatments

Taxonomy and Distribution of Butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Skardu Region, Pakistan

A study was conducted in six different localities around Skardu, Pakistan to document the butterfly fauna of that region. The study revealed that 16 species in 5 families and 14 genera occur in the area. The families include: Papilionidae (represented only by the genus Parnassius); Pieridae (genera Pieris, Pontia, and Colias are represented); Lycaenidae (genera Lycaena, Everes, Aricia, Plebejus, Zizeeria, and Zizina are represented); Nymphalidae (only two genera, Aglais and Cynthia are represented); and Satyridae (represented by the genera Pararge and Maniola)

Birth Asphyxia - Clinical Experience and Immediate Outcomes

To find out immediate outcome ofneonates with birth asphyxia and its associationwith risk factors.Methods: This cross sectional study included allconsecutive babies admitted with diagnosis of birthasphyxia . Babies with congenital heart disease,congenital malformations and prematurity wereexcluded. Biodata and clinical parameters includingplace of delivery,dai handling,time of arrival inhospital,mode of delivery, grades of hypoxicischemic encephalopathy, outcome in terms ofdischarge and death were recorded.Results: Sixty one patients were included in thestudy. Majority (80.3%) were male..Mothers havingregular antenatal checkup were 65.5%. Eleven (18%)babies were home delivered and 50(82%) in hospitalsetup. In 16.4% babies there was history of daihandling. 60.7% babies were delivered by SVD and39.3 % by C- section. Majority (83.6 %) presentedwithin 6 hours. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathystage I, II and III was seen in 39.3%, 49% and11.5%respectively. Forty eight (78.7%) babies weredischarged and 13(21.3%) died. No evidence ofassociation was found between outcome at dischargeand time of arrival at hospital (p value=0.33)and daihandling (p value= 0.114). Significant associationwas found between outcome at discharge and placeof delivery (p value=0 .031) and outcome at dischargeand hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy stage (pvalue=0.000).Conclusion: Asphyxiated newborns havesignificant short term mortality in association withhome deliveries and hypoxic ischemicencephalopathy stage II

Effect of Different Types of Mulches on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) under Rainfed Condition

The research experiment was carried out at the research area of Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute, Chakwal, Pakistan to estimate the effects of different types of mulches on the growth, development and grain yield of wheat during rabi season 2010-11. Four different types of mulches (hoeing twice 30-40 & 60-70 DAE, straw mulch @ 2.0 ton ha-1, litter mulch @ 1.5 ton ha-1 and gypsum @ 2.5 ton ha-1) were compared with control (no mulch) laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The investigation revealed significant effects of different types of mulches on the germination count m-2, plant height (cm), no. of tillers m-2, spike length (cm), no. of spikelets per spike, biological yield (kg/ha) and grain yield (kg/ha) while there was non-significant difference among the treatments on 1000 grain weight (g). Hence, it was concluded that farmers could apply different mulches particularly gypsum @ 2.5 ton ha-1 to achieve highest grain yield (kg/ha) of wheat under rainfed conditions. Keywords: different mulches, moisture conservation, grain yield, yield components, rainfed, whea

Anti-inflammatory effects of topical lactobacillus acidophilus and antibiotic in wound repair on the basis of microscopic parameters: a comparative study in rats

Background: Wound treatment still a task for medical professionals, according to the time advancement. We need to elaborate further new interventions to cope up this common factor of community. The objective of the study was to assess the anti-inflammatory topical role of Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic in wound repair of rats based on of microscopic parameters. This comparative study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy Al-Tibri Medical Collage and Hospital Isra University Karachi Campus from December 2018 to April 2019.Methods: Total 18 male of wistar rats were randomly selected for this study. The study comprised of three topical groups Control, Antibiotic and Lactobacillus acidophilus groups respectively.Results: The samples were taken from the wound site for the preparation of microscopic slides, to count the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory process in both groups on day 3 and 7. Data obtained were analyzed by SPSS version 20 by applying One Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test.Conclusions: The results were shown potent anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus group in comparison with other conventional therapy. The study concludes that the topical application of Lactobacillus acidophilus had remarkable anti-inflammatory effects in wound management

Corporate Governance and Environmental Reporting in Pakistan

The focus of the present study is to investigate the association between environmental reporting and corporate governance traits in Pakistan. The prior studies related to the association between environmental disclosure and corporate governance characteristics show fickle findings. This study fills the gap by using cross sectional data of 100 randomly selected firms registered at Karachi Stock Exchange for the year 2015. The results of the present research showed a positive association between the level of environmental disclosure and fraction of independent directors on the board. Negative relationship was found between environmental disclosure and institutional investors. The result shows a positive association between the level of environmental reporting and board size. It confirms a positive association. The analysis revealed a lack of association between level of environmental reporting and fraction of female directors on a board. In case of control variables, positive relationship was found between firms’ profitability and level of environmental disclosure, whereas, no correlation was found between firm size and the level of environmental reporting. Moreover, the results of incremental regression indicate that ownership concentration is the most important independent variable among all the independent variables in the model

Neovascularization: topical effects of streptococcus thermophilus and low level laser therapy in treatment of diabetic wound in rats

Background: Diabetic wound is a major socioeconomic debilitating problem in this society. Various treatment options are available but still it requires better treatment option. In diabetes mellitus the oxygenation to the tissues is reduced. In this study effects of low level laser therapy were compared with topical application of Streptococcus thermophilus on diabetic wounds that induces formation of new blood vessel and free radical scavenging system, a comparative study to get better treatment option for diabetic wounds.Methods: 18 male rats were selected and divided randomly into three groups. Diabetes was induced in all the rats by using the Alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 120mg/kg of the body weight. Group A was treated with normal saline, group B was treated with low level laser therapy and group C was treated with Streptococcus thermophilus topically. Skin tissues were collected on day three and seven, slides were prepared for microscopic examination to observe the new blood vessels formation.Results: Mean number of new blood vessel formation was observed in group B compared with group A and C. Significant vasculogenesis was seen in group B when treated with Low level laser therapy.Conclusions: In the group of low level laser therapy new blood vessel formation was seen with better wound healing. It means LLLT provides better oxygenation to the tissues by generation of new blood vessels compared with Streptococcus thermophilus and normal saline