An Economic Analysis of the Intellectual Property Rights of Broadcasting Organisations

This Dissertation provides an analysis of the intellectual property rights of broadcasting organisations – a form of related or neighbouring rights. It gives an account for these rights in terms of international copyright law and economic theory, utilising a Law and Economic approach. A large portion of the dissertation focusses specifically on the topic of broadcast retransmission, and the rights involved

KD Construction Company: Bidding and Cost Estimation

KD Construction is a new company in the construction industry, it was opened by Mr. Irfan and Mr. Kamran on February 6, 2013. The company constructs houses for individuals and for builders, commercial shopping malls and also works as a subcontractor for big construction companies like Habib, Paragon and AMCE Private Limited. KD worked on only small projects till now, but on January 17, 2018 Mr. Irfan received a call from a builder to work with him on a new project.  This will be the first time that they   got a contract from a big builder and they were asked to build houses for four variants of areas (in square yards 150, 250, 300 and 600) on which they had to work. They gave  their final price of 107 crores and 50 lacs for the whole project,  but they heard from the market that other construction companies were also trying for this project but the builder preferred them for this project.   Mr. Irfan and Mr. Kamran have to estimate costs for the overall project whether to accept the project or not, to analyze whether the offered price was suitable or not and if they had estimated cost of total project they can negotiate on final price if the price is not suitable. As KD is in existence for five years, KD’s employees are well aware of the prices and conditions of the country moreover, country’s economic conditions can fluctuate any time due to political instability. With the experience of five years, KD construction wanted to estimate a budget for the whole project of 20 acres on which they have to construct 75% houses and 25% of amenities (Mosque, Road, Park, School, Hospital) (See Exhibit 1) in one year.

Process evaluation of Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics (ORBIT)

Background: Tic disorder is a highly debilitating condition that is more common in children and young people (CYP) than adults. A parent and therapist-supported intervention called Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics (ORBIT) was developed to meet the demand for behavioural therapy for CYP with tic disorders. Whilst a randomised controlled trial (RCT) assesses overall efficacy, a process evaluation is necessary to establish how and for whom an intervention works. Methods: First, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the overall effectiveness of online interventions delivered to CYP with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Following this, the Medical Research Council’s (MRC) 2015 guidelines were used for this two-part mixed-methods process evaluation. This involved analysing quantitative data, such as participants’ usage of the intervention and baseline demographics as well as purposively sampled, semi-structured interviews. The first part explored the implementation and contextual factors of engagement whilst the second part analysed the mechanisms of impact underpinning the ORBIT intervention. Results: A systematic review of 10 trials found that six (two aimed at tic disorders) were effective in improving outcomes in CYP. Part one of the process evaluation found the intervention was implemented with high fidelity, and participants deemed the intervention acceptable and satisfactory. Engagement was high with child participants completing an average of 7.5/10 chapters and 99/112 (88.4%) participants completing the minimum of first four chapters: the pre-defined threshold for effective dose. Parental engagement was the only significant independent predictor of child engagement. Part two demonstrated reduced tic severity post intervention and 36% of CYP had their overall clinical condition rated as being very much or much improved post-treatment. Improvement was not moderated by the relationship between demographic or baseline clinical factors and engagement and no mediators were found. However, level of parental engagement was associated with overall clinical improvement and this relationship was illuminated by the qualitative data. Conclusions: The findings provide promising evidence that an online behavioural intervention is acceptable and accessible amongst CYP with tic disorders, and engaging parents is the key to effective implementation and positive outcomes whilst highlighting that there is no particular subgroup that is more or less likely to engage or to find this treatment beneficial

Religiosity Effects on Employees in SMEs: An Islamic Country Perspective

This study aims to investigate the adaptation of internalization factors and employees’ competitive behavior in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The empirical findings suggest that the integration of religious orientation brings better results along with the other determinants (subjective norm, attitude, behavior control and intention) of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Further, this study indicates the significant direct relationship between religious orientation, attitude, perceived control and intention with employee behavior, except for subjective norms and intention, which shows an insignificant relationship. This empirical findings suggest that owners and managers of SMEs should place some efforts in providing support to increase religious orientation in SMEs, as this would likely to enhance all other factors. This study reports unique empirical findings to support the generalizability of the theory while also adding a new facet to the TPB by using SMEs as a social lab and data from a developing country

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization of new heterocycles based on sulfamethoxazole as potent antimicrobial agents

A series of sulfamethoxazole derivatives attached to heterocyclic ring such as 1,2-diazepane (3), 1,3,4-oxadiazole (4), two pyrazoles (5,6), 1,2,4-triazine (7), 1,3,4-oxadiazine (8) and four novel 1,3-oxazepines (14-17)were designed and synthesized in this research. The structures of the newly prepared compounds were confirmedbased on a comprehensive characterization of spectral data by applied (infrared, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Physicochemical properties also determined for each synthesized derivatives. The finallyprepared compounds were tested for their anti-bacterial and fungal activity invitro. Four types of pathogenic bacteria with two types of yeast similar to fungi were used in the evaluation. Each screened compounds showed perfect antimicrobial activity comparable with sulfamethoxazole used as parent dru

Process evaluation of Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics (ORBIT)

Background: Tic disorder is a highly debilitating condition that is more common in children and young people (CYP) than adults. A parent and therapist-supported intervention called Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics (ORBIT) was developed to meet the demand for behavioural therapy for CYP with tic disorders. Whilst a randomised controlled trial (RCT) assesses overall efficacy, a process evaluation is necessary to establish how and for whom an intervention works. Methods: First, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the overall effectiveness of online interventions delivered to CYP with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Following this, the Medical Research Council’s (MRC) 2015 guidelines were used for this two-part mixed-methods process evaluation. This involved analysing quantitative data, such as participants’ usage of the intervention and baseline demographics as well as purposively sampled, semi-structured interviews. The first part explored the implementation and contextual factors of engagement whilst the second part analysed the mechanisms of impact underpinning the ORBIT intervention. Results: A systematic review of 10 trials found that six (two aimed at tic disorders) were effective in improving outcomes in CYP. Part one of the process evaluation found the intervention was implemented with high fidelity, and participants deemed the intervention acceptable and satisfactory. Engagement was high with child participants completing an average of 7.5/10 chapters and 99/112 (88.4%) participants completing the minimum of first four chapters: the pre-defined threshold for effective dose. Parental engagement was the only significant independent predictor of child engagement. Part two demonstrated reduced tic severity post intervention and 36% of CYP had their overall clinical condition rated as being very much or much improved post-treatment. Improvement was not moderated by the relationship between demographic or baseline clinical factors and engagement and no mediators were found. However, level of parental engagement was associated with overall clinical improvement and this relationship was illuminated by the qualitative data. Conclusions: The findings provide promising evidence that an online behavioural intervention is acceptable and accessible amongst CYP with tic disorders, and engaging parents is the key to effective implementation and positive outcomes whilst highlighting that there is no particular subgroup that is more or less likely to engage or to find this treatment beneficial

Synthesis, Identification and Anti-candidaProperties of Some NewBis (Five, Six, Seven-membered Heterocycles) AttachedPyrrole Rings

This research involves preparation of many bisheterocycles attached to pyrrole rings have been synthesized by the stepwise procedure such asbis(1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione) (3),bis(2,3dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione) (4) and bis(tetrahydropyridazine-3,6-dione) (5) derivatives of pyrrole. Further the bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methanone (6), bis(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol5(4H)-one) (7) and bis(4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-6(5H)-one) (8) pyrrole derivatives also prepared in good yields. Furthermore, series of bis-benzothiazine (10a-c), bis-benzoxathiazepine (11a-c)and bis-quinazoline compounds (12a-c) attached to pyrrole moieties also have been synthesized successfully.Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by physicochemical, elemental analysis CHNS, FTIR, H-NMR and C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The new synthesized agents were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory effectagainst several candida isolates. Some of the evaluated compounds possessed good activities compared to a fluconazole, nystatin and clotrimazole standard antifungal drugs

Synthesis, Characterization of Some New Azo Compounds Containing 1,3-Oxazepine, Anthraquinone Moieties and Studying Their Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria

This research includes design of new derivatives for anthraquinone azo compounds bearing 1,3-oxazepine rings with  different saromatic moieties. Diazonium salt of 1-aminoanthraquinone [1] prepared by reaction of 1-aminoanthraquinone with ammonium nitrite in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Then this compound used to prepare of azo derivative [2] through reaction with o-Salicyladehyde. Compound [2] then converted into different Schiff bases [3-8] by treating it with different amino benzenes in absolute ethanol.  Finally 1,3-Oxazepine compounds [9-14] and [15-20] obtained from reaction of Schiff bases [3-8] with phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride respectively. Physiochemical properties of synthesized compounds determined by their melting points, FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopy. The purity and reaction time were checked by TLC. The new prepared 1,3-oxazepine compounds were evaluated against some pathogenic bacteria for their biological activity testing using three different bacterial species including (Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus Pneumonia, Proteus sp.) and compared with (amoxicillin tri hydrate) was used as references drug. The results showed that many of the tested compounds have moderate to good vital activity against the mentioned pathogenic bacteria compared with references drug above. Keywords: Synthesis, Azo compounds, 1,3-Oxazepine , Anthraquinone, Activity.

Influencing Factors of Job Satisfaction in TechnicalOrganization

The aim of this research is to find out the core factors, which have a strong impact on Job Satisfaction in Technical Organizations in Pakistan. This study discusses the main variableslike Effective Recruitment, Rewards, and Personality of employees and Role of Leadership and their effect on job satisfaction. First hand, data was used in the research and some important recommendations were made for the improvement of Job Satisfaction of employees working at Ufone. It is expected that this study will make comprehensive note to the environment of Ufone especially and every other organization in general, how to make their working environment acceptable to the employees

Intestinal Malrotation with Midgut Volvulus leading to Small Bowel Obstruction in a Young Adult: A Case Report

The developing intestine rotates around the superior mesenteric vessels during physiological herniation from 6th to 10th weeks of embryogenesis. Intestinal malrotation leading to midgut volvulus and small bowel obstruction is a rare condition. Patients who develop this condition usually present in the first year of their life. Intestinal malrotation is characterized by right sided duodenojejunal junction, caecum in left iliac fossa and a narrow mesentery. Ladd’s procedure is the treatment of choice which is done to restore the normal anatomy. We report the case of an 18-year-old male patient, who presented with intestinal malrotation in emergency department of Nishtar Hospital, Multan. It is an uncommon age for presentation of this anomaly. The patient had fecal peritonitis due to caecal perforation. He underwent Ladd’s procedure in which ileocolostomy was made after right hemicolectomy. The patient had an uneventful recovery after the surgery and had no complaints on follow up visit one week after the discharge