Kortlægning af luftkvalitet og befolkningseksponering langs statsvejene i Danmark: Artikel

Denne artikel beskriver resultaterne af en kortlægning af luftkvaliteten i 2019 langs statsvejene i hele Danmark. Kortlægningen er gennemført med en forbedret version af OML-Highway modellen, og anvendte metoder og datagrundlag er beskrevet. I luftkvalitetskortlægningen beregnes på alle adresser årsmiddelværdien af NO2, PM2,5 og PM10, som er udvalgte luftforurenende stoffer relateret til helbredseffekter. Antallet af berørte boliger og mennesker langs vejnettet er estimeret for at beskrive befolkningens eksponering for luftforurening. Luftkvaliteten er sammenlignet med nuværende og foreslåede EU grænseværdier samt WHO’s retningslinjer for luftkvalitet. Kortlægningen viser, at der i en afstand af 1.000 m fra statsvejnettet bor omkring 1,5 million mennesker i omkring ¾ million boligenheder fordelt på omkring en halv million adresser. Alle mennesker langs statsvejnettet bor på adresser, som er under grænseværdien for NO2. Kun godt 500 personer (0,04%) bor på adresser, hvor den forslåede EU grænseværdi overskrides. Til gengæld bor omkring 49% på adresser, som overskrider WHO-retningslinjer fra 2021. For PM2,5 bor alle på adresser, som er under grænseværdien, men omkring 49% bor på adresser med PM2,5-koncentrationer, som overskrider den foreslåede EU grænseværdi, og alle adresser overskrider WHO-retningslinjer fra 2021. For PM10 bor alle mennesker på adresser under grænseværdien, men omkring 2% bor på adresser med PM10-koncentrationer, som overskrider den foreslåede EU grænseværdi, og omkring 97% bor på adresser, som overskrider WHO-retningslinjer fra 2021. Luftkvalitetsniveauerne og befolkningseksponering langs statsvejene er en kombination af baggrundsbidraget og statsvejenes bidrag

Engineered nanoparticles for removal of pollutants from wastewater: Current status and future prospects of nanotechnology for remediation strategies

Significant aspects of the world\u27s water scenario, primarily associated with global population growth and climate change, necessitate new technology implementation to ensure a supply of drinking water and prevent global water contamination. In light of this, the incorporation of state-of-the-art nanotechnology in conventional process engineering opens new paths for improved wastewater treatment technologies. Nano-based materials techniques, such as disinfection, desalination, sensing and monitoring, photocatalysis, membrane process, adsorption, biological treatment, coagulation/precipitation, and oxidation are discussed in this overview of current breakthroughs in nanotechnologies for removal of pollutants from wastewater. The benefits of these nano-based materials for wastewater treatment approaches, as well as the technical challenges are discussed in this review. The current state of commercialization, as well as future research opportunities in nano-based materials and technologies are highlighted. Additionally, the anticipated scientific breakthroughs, the constraints of nanotechnology for desalination processes, such as rules and regulations, and potential health risks are addressed. The regulation of nanoengineered materials and technologies used in wastewater treatment is being addressed in both Europe and United States of America

Aging study of the powdered magnetite nanoparticles

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. Magnetite nanoparticles were produced via co-precipitation method and then stored at room temperature for 6 years in aerobic atmosphere. Variations in the inherent solid phase and solid interfacial properties of the prepared magnetite nanoparticles were investigated. For this purpose the fresh and aged samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray diffractometer and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The solid phase transformations of magnetite nanoparticles to maghemite nanoparticles as well as formation of other iron oxides were happened. After aging of 6 years, no change was occurred in the magnetic features; however increase in particle size from 9.6 to 18.5 measured by transmission electron microscopy was confirmed. The crystallite size and vibrating sample magnetometer values were measured before and after aging and found to increase from 8.98 nm and 47.23 emu/g to 16.18 nm and 58.36 emu/g respectively. The formation of other iron oxides, recrystallization and agglomeration during aging process, caused a significant decrease in the specific surface area from 124.43 to 45.00 m2/g of the stored sample

Primary Hyperparathyroidism: An Overview

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common condition that affects 0.3% of the general population. Primary and tertiary care specialists can encounter patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and prompt recognition and treatment can greatly reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease. In this paper we will review the basic physiology of calcium homeostasis and then consider genetic associations as well as common etiologies and presentations of primary hyperparathyroidism. We will consider emerging trends in detection and measurement of parathyroid hormone as well as available imaging modalities for the parathyroid glands. Surgical indications and approach will be reviewed as well as medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism with bisphosphonates and calcimimetics

Emerging contaminants of high concern for the environment: Current trends and future research

Wastewater is contaminated water that must be treated before it may be transferred into other rivers and lakes in order to prevent further groundwater pollution. Over the last decade, research has been conducted on a wide variety of contaminants, but the emerging contaminants are those caused primarily by micropollutants, endocrine disruptors (EDs), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and toxins, as well as industrially-related synthetic dyes and dye-containing hazardous pollutants. Most emerging pollutants did not have established guidelines, but even at low concentrations they could have harmful effects on humans and aquatic organisms. In order to combat the above ecological threats, huge efforts have been done with a view to boosting the effectiveness of remediation procedures or developing new techniques for the detection, quantification and efficiency of the samples. The increase of interest in biotechnology and environmental engineering gives an opportunity for the development of more innovative ways to water treatment remediation. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of emerging sources of contaminants, detection technologies, and treatment strategies. The goal of this review is to evaluate adsorption as a method for treating emerging pollutants, as well as sophisticated and cost-effective approaches for treating emerging contaminants

Nanoparticulate Iron Oxide Minerals for Arsenic Removal from Contaminated Water

Groundwater contamination with arsenic (As) is a global environmental and human health problem affecting over 200 million people worldwide, with low to high concentrations of As via drinking well water. Therefore, remediation of As-contaminated water has been under discussion over the last 3 to 4 decades given its highly toxic and carcinogenic properties of As compounds, particularly inorganic arsenite and arsenate species. Several types of sorption techniques have been used to remove As from water such as clay minerals, biochars, metal oxides (e.g., iron oxide minerals), microbes and algae. This chapter provides: (1) insights on the significance of nanoparticulate iron (Fe) oxide minerals (such as nano-ferrihydrite, nano-goethite, nano-magnetite) for their efficiency in the removal of As from contaminated water; (2) develops critical understanding for several As removal methods, compares their potential for As remediation, and critically examines the properties and effectiveness of nanoparticulate Fe oxide minerals to remove As in drinking water or wastewater; and (3) implication of the nanotechnology in remediation of As-rich water. This chapter also elucidated the mechanism of As removal using Fe-oxide nanoparticles in detail

Challenges and perspectives on innovative technologies for biofuel production and sustainable environmental management

Specifically, human activities, such as those in industry and transportation, have resulted in an increase in the demand for fossil fuels, resulting in severe environmental problems.Throughout this article, we discuss the potential and challenges associated with the production of biofuels from a variety of feedstocks and advances in processing technologies utilizing a range of feedstocks. Based on the conclusion of the study, we conclude that bioenergy is a green alternative to be used for diverse energy needs, once the appropriate conversion processes are applied. The production of biofuels and their use in industries and transportation have significantly reduced the use of fossil fuels. The literature review concluded that producing biofuels from energy crops and microalgae was the most efficient and attractive method. The purpose of this review is to explain all aspects of biofuels and their sustainability criteria. With a particular focus on the role of nanotechnology in biofuel production, this article discusses the most recent advances in biofuel production. A number of emerging techniques have been investigated for improving process quality, including integrated techniques, less energy-intensive distillation strategies, and the use of microorganisms in engineering. A challenging aspect of biofuel production on a large scale remains; therefore, a novel technology must be developed in order to enhance biofuel production in order to meet the challenges and meet future energy needs

Activated carbon-alginate beads impregnated with surfactant as sustainable adsorbent for efficient removal of methylene blue

A cost-effective and sustainable Calligonum polygonoides biomass based activated carbon (AC) was synthesized. The prepared AC was utilized in the fabrication of carbon-alginate beads for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) textile dye from aqueous solution. The surface morphology, surface functional groups, elemental analysis and thermal behavior of the prepared beads were investigated using different analytical techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption capacity of the beads. Effect of different parameters such as initial pH of MB solution, dose of adsorbent, contact time, initial concentration of MB and temperature were evaluated. The kinetic studies identified pseudo-second order model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied and fitted to the experimental equilibrium data. The beads showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 769 mg/g in basic pH at 30 °C while using 400 mg·L-1 of MB solution. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous as confirmed by the thermodynamic data. The fabricated beads were subjected to recycling which exhibited same adsorption efficiency after six regeneration cycles. The results showed that the AC-alginate beads impregnated with SDS have high adsorption capability and would be used for the efficient removal of cationic dyes from wastewater

Solar light responsive bismuth doped titania with Ti\u3csup\u3e3+\u3c/sup\u3e for efficient photocatalytic degradation of flumequine: Synergistic role of peroxymonosulfate

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. The present study is focused on the synthesis of a novel solar light responsive bismuth doped titania (Bi-TiO2) through a facile so-gel technique by applying various wt% of Bi. The as-synthesized Bi-TiO2 showed superior photocatalytic performance than un-doped TiO2 towards degradation of flumequine (FLU) under solar light irradiation. The as-synthesized material was thoroughly characterized to examine its structure, morphology and chemical states. The EPR analysis revealed the existence of Ti3+ ion and oxygen vacancy, which is created due to Bi-doping. The as-synthesized Bi-TiO2 with 5 wt% Bi (TBi5) showed excellent photocatalytic performance as compared to their counterparts. The photocatalytic activity of TBi5 was further improved when added with peroxymonosulfate (HSO5−) and increased with increasing [HSO5−]0. The mechanistic investigation and radical scavenging studies revealed that [rad]OH and SO4[rad]− are involved in the degradation of FLU by the as-synthesized material. The bimolecular rate constants of [rad]OH and SO4[rad]− were calculated to be 9.1 × 109 M−1s−1 and 8.5 × 109 M−1s−1, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of the as-synthesized TBi5 coupled with HSO5− under solar light irradiation towards degradation of FLU in Milli-Q water (MW), tape water (TW) and synthetic wastewater (SWW) was 92, 82 and 70% with kapp values of 0.093, 0.085 and 0.066 min−1, respectively. Furthermore, the degradation pathways of FLU were predicted on the basis of its degradation products (DPs). The high mineralization of FLU as well as the evaluation of non-toxic DPs suggests that solar light/TBi5/HSO5− is a promising advanced oxidation process for the future wastewater treatment applications

Rotation-Agnostic Image Representation Learning for Digital Pathology

This paper addresses complex challenges in histopathological image analysis through three key contributions. Firstly, it introduces a fast patch selection method, FPS, for whole-slide image (WSI) analysis, significantly reducing computational cost while maintaining accuracy. Secondly, it presents PathDino, a lightweight histopathology feature extractor with a minimal configuration of five Transformer blocks and only 9 million parameters, markedly fewer than alternatives. Thirdly, it introduces a rotation-agnostic representation learning paradigm using self-supervised learning, effectively mitigating overfitting. We also show that our compact model outperforms existing state-of-the-art histopathology-specific vision transformers on 12 diverse datasets, including both internal datasets spanning four sites (breast, liver, skin, and colorectal) and seven public datasets (PANDA, CAMELYON16, BRACS, DigestPath, Kather, PanNuke, and WSSS4LUAD). Notably, even with a training dataset of 6 million histopathology patches from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), our approach demonstrates an average 8.5% improvement in patch-level majority vote performance. These contributions provide a robust framework for enhancing image analysis in digital pathology, rigorously validated through extensive evaluation. Project Page: https://rhazeslab.github.io/PathDino-Page/Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 18 tables. Histopathological Image Analysi