Impact of Political Instability on Exports (1991-2010): An Empirical Analysis for Pakistan

This study indicates empirical relevance between political instability and Pakistani exports along with considering important variables inflation and foreign direct investment for the period from (1991-2010). Political instability, inflation and foreign direct investment were taken as exogenous variables. While exports was endogenous variable of the model. Study empirically proves that with the increase in political instability exports have declined. Keywords: Domestic trade, Political instability, foreign direct investment, Pakistan.

Major Determinants of Investment in Emerging Markets: A Case Study of Telecommunication Sector of Pakistan

As early as 1980s telecommunication sector’s importance was recognized and assumed that advancement in telecom sector is a pre-requisite to economic development especially in developing countries of the world. This was started with various reforms like opening of boundaries for foreign direct investment, liberalization and privatization of the economies. This paper empirically investigates some of the major determinants of investment in telecommunication sector of Pakistan using time series data for the period from 1980 to 2006. Investment in telecommunication sector is taken as dependent variable while market Size, investment in financial sector, investment in education sector and foreign trade are the explanatory variables of the model. By using the multiple regression model in log-linear form we obtained the results (co-efficient given in the text) in which market size (0.31682), investment in education sector (0.25424) and foreign trade (0.39621) are playing significant role while the impact of investment in financial sector is insignificant. This study shows that investment in telecommunication sector increases whenever there is increase in trading activities as well as when the market size and investment in education sector is enhanced. Keywords: Emerging markets, telecommunication sector, market size, investment in financial sector, Pakistan. JEL Classification: C13,C22,C87,F41,G15,L96

A study of the priorities selected by public health staff nurses for making home visits to antepartal patients

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Monolithic interpretation of the Qur’an: revisiting selected verses on women

Numerous Qur’anic verses such as 2:187, 4:19, 4:34, 7:189, and 30:21 deal with and address women, inspiring positively that women have serious role to play in the development of society. But it seems interpretation of these verses have been influenced by male chauvinism. Most of the Muslim scholars, early as well as contemporary, have tried to prove on the basis of these verses inferiority of womenfolk. This paper represents a humble effort to reflect on the related verses with a view to deriving positive messages rather than negative. Keywords: Monolithic, the Qur’an, Muslim Scholars, Interpretation, Womenfolk

Benzodiazepine self-poisoning in Pakistan: implications for prevention and harm reduction

The pattern of all index admissions for benzodiazepine self-poisoning to a university hospital in Karachi, Pakistan are described. Of the 329 medication self-poisoning cases, 84% were benzodiazepine overdoses. Diazepam was the preferred drug in 69% of these cases, with majority ingesting between 20-30 tablets of 5 mg each, 44% bought the benzodiazepine over the counter (OTC) for the purpose of overdose. The preference for benzodiazepines over analgesics (as freely available) may be related to the motives underlying parasuicide acts and their popularity as \u27sleeping pills\u27 in Pakistan. Educating the \u27chemist\u27 and limiting the number of tablets dispensed at a time are areas to consider in reducing the incidence and harmful effects of benzodiazepine overdoses in Pakistan

Uveitis in spondyloarthropathies

Background: Uveitis is associated with several systemic disorders. It may be the initial presentation or manifestation of a systemic disease. It is the most common ocular complication and is sometimes the earliest manifestation of spondyloarthropathies. This study aimed to review the current literature on spondyloarthropathies and associated uveitis. Methods: A narrative review was performed using various combinations of the keywords spondyloarthropathies, seronegative spondylarthritis-related uveitis, and human leukocyte antigen-associated uveitis using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2022. We describe the disease mechanisms, genetics, and classification of spondyloarthropathies, the clinical patterns of their related ocular diseases, and the current modalities for the management of their ocular or systemic manifestations. Results: Seronegative spondyloarthropathies are a group of rheumatic disorders including ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-related spondyloarthropathy, juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. These are characterized by enthesitis in the absence of serum rheumatoid factor and have a strong association with human leukocyte antigen B27. The clinical courses and features of spondyloarthropathies are remarkably diverse. Ocular inflammation is common in spondyloarthropathies, often precedes the onset or diagnosis of systemic disease, and responds well to topical therapy. Timely diagnosis of systemic diseases may improve quality of life and help avoid ocular and skeletal complications. Recurrence of ocular inflammation is frequent; on occasion, it may be associated with etanercept administration. Conclusions: Eye care professionals should be able to recognize spondyloarthropathies, manage ocular disease, and collaborate with related specialties for modification of systemic treatment if associated with ocular complications. Timely referral and early management could attenuate or prevent ocular or systemic morbidities associated with spondyloarthropathies

Relationship between decision making styles and consumer behavior

The objective of this study is to identify the different factors that impact on consumer behavior on the bases of decision making style. The sample size of this study was two hundred and fifty. Data was collected through five point Likert scale questionnaire. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Correlation and multiple regression was performed to measure the relationship between independent and dependent variables and independent sample t-test was applied to test difference between male and female decision making style. This study concludes that there is significant relationship between male and female decision making style and female respondents are more agreed that decision making styles influence the consumer behavior. All the independent variables have significant and positive relationship with consumer behavior