Contemporary statecraft for sustained and ‘sustainable’ growth

Focusing on state structure and behaviour, the ‘good governance’ agenda, political settlement, and the current path, this article describes and elaborates – in a problematic manner – the hurdles we will encounter in simultaneously walking and making the road of state construction that is messy, complex and replete with contradictions. Some implications for planning are outlined related to issues of governance and working withclientelism and patronage as enablers and contributors to growth rather than pathologies to be ‘corrected by administrative reforms’. Whether we can carry through and successfully deliver socially inclusive and empowering developmental programmes and projects hinges on understanding and negotiating social change and transformation

Aquaculture extension impacts in Bangladesh: a case study from Kapasia, Gazipur

With many ponds and high demand for fish, Bangladesh has a high potential for aquaculture . Since the 1980s, there have been many aquaculture extension projects. As a result, pond aquaculture production is estimated to have trebled between approximately 1990 and 2000, and is currently estimated to be in order of 750 000 t per year. This gave an ideal opportunity to understand the impacts of aquaculture extension. This study investigated the practices and performance of farmers about six years after specific extension efforts had ended, in order to gain a better understanding of the sustained practices and benefits achieved by fish farmers from extension. It followed up an earlier project in Kapasia Upazila (subdistrict) in Gazipur District north of the capital Dhaka, where the WorldFish Center with funding from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the Danish International Development Agency (Danida), had researched on farming systems and had introduced adaptive integrated aquaculture practices. Surveys were undertake to compare the aquaculture systems with baseline and project period data.Aquaculture, Fish-culture, Gazipur, Bangladesh,

Aquaculture extention impacts in Bangladesh: a case study from Kapasia, Gazipur

Aquaculture, Bangladesh,

Corruption and its Repercussions on Employment, Poverty and Inequality: Rwanda and South Africa Compared

Effective statecraft is founded on governance, planning and policy execution foundations that are historically derived and conditioned. In contemporary times, effective statecraft supposedly centres on ‘sustainable' development paradigms and frameworks. This paper examines the connection between state construction and contemporary statecraft - refracted through anti-corruption policy and implementation - and their combined repercussions on employment, poverty and inequality. These include the challenges encountered by the proliferation of corruption, which many posit to be the ‘key enemy' of good governance and, by extension, ‘sustainable' development. Using Rwanda and South Africa as case studies, it is demonstrated that fighting corruption cannot be disconnected from power, political economy, the dynamics of public policy formulation, and the mechanics of policy implementation. This paper posits an association between specific types of patrimonialism, economic performance and service delivery with attendant consequences for employment generation, poverty eradication and reducing inequality

“Making the road while walking” : statecraft in contemporary times

State construction is messy and complex, brimming with contradictions, fraught with conflict and unpredictability. This article identifies a few hurdles likely to be encountered in the simultaneous making and walking of this road. In order to do so, it examines the structure and behaviour of the state, the concept of political settlements, and the “good governance” agenda. The article outlines some implications for public policy that relate to issues of governance, and explores the possibility of working with clientelism and patronage as enablers and contributors to growth, rather than seeing them as pathologies that need to be “corrected” by administrative reforms. Successful delivery of socially inclusive and empowering developmental programmes and projects in the proposed framework hinges on the comprehension and negotiation of social change and transformation in novel and realistic ways

Utilization and comparison of family planning services through national family health survey in Uttarakhand, India

Background: India was the first country to start family planning program in 1952. In the first 50 years there have been many changes in India. The family planning program name was changed from time to time. At the present scenario, its name is Reproductive and Child Health. In this study, authors evaluate utilization of family planning services with an objective to compare distribution of family planning services between the two regions of Uttarakhand: Garhwal and Kumaon.Methods: In this study, data mining was done using secondary database with the permission from International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) NFHS-4 data to carried out during 2015-2016 in Uttarakhand, India and estimate of the values for all the parameters of Family Planning was estimated. A statistical Z-score test was performed in the estimated of proportions in all study parameters of the family planning.Results: The study indicates that between the two divisions Garhwal has more utilization of family planning services as comparatively higher than Kumaon. Pithoragarh from the Kumaon division has more utilization proportion of family planning services in comparison to the other districts in the division, while Almora were recorded as the minimum use of family planning services. Uttarkashi in Garhwal region accounted for major proportion of utilization of family planning services, while Haridwar had minor proportions.Conclusions: Though overall utilization of family planning services of Uttarakhand is far better than other states in India but between the two divisions, Kumaon requires more attention in terms of utilizing services and awareness programmes. In fact, certain districts in Garhwal also require intervention from the Government to improve health quality. Both hilly and urban districts have different issues, which needs to be targeted to improve the health quality of the state

DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF HYBRID QUINOLINE-4-YL-OXADIAZOLES/OXATHIADIAZOLES AS POTENT ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS

Objective: The aim of the present work was to design and synthesize hybrid quinoline-4-yl-oxadiazoles/oxathiadiazole derivatives and evaluate them for in vitro antifungal activity against human disease causing pathogens.Methods: The compounds 5(a-d), 6(a-d) and 7(a-d) were efficiently synthesized in good yields. The synthesized compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectra. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using standard agar method. Molecular docking study was performed against fungal enzyme P450 cytochrome lanosterol 14α-demethylase using VLife MDS 4.3 software.Results: The synthesized compounds had shown good to moderate in vitro antifungal activity. The compound 6a (MIC range = 15-25 µg/ml) from 1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole-2-oxide series showed most potent activity amongst the synthesized compounds when compared with standard clotrimazole (MIC range = 12.5-25 µg/ml). The molecular docking study of synthesized compounds showed good binding interactions against active site of fungal enzyme P450 cytochrome lanosterol 14α-demethylase.Conclusion: The results of in vitro antifungal activity and molecular docking study revealed that the synthesized compounds have potential antifungal activity and can be further optimized and developed as a lead compound.Â

Investigation of turbulent flows and instabilities in a stirred vessel using particle image velocimetry

Extensive use of stirred vessels in the process industries for various operations has attracted researchers to study the mixing mechanisms and its effects on the processes. Among the various flow-measuring methods, Particle Image Velocimetry (PlV) technique has become more popular in comparison to LDA and HW A methods because of its ability to provide instantaneous velocity fields. The present study uses this technique to investigate the flowfields and turbulent properties in a 290mm vessel stirred by Rushton Disc turbine (RDT) and Pitched blade turbine (PBT) impellers. Angle-resolved instantaneous flow-fields were obtained using 2-D and 3-D PlV technique. Flows in the RDT were examined. The distribution of out-of-plane vorticity and turbulent properties such as rms velocities, Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy was discussed. The flow number and power number of the RDT impeller were obtained as 0.83 and 5.16 respectively. Flows generated by the PBT impeller were examined in more detail. For this purpose, a multiblock approach was developed which allowed analysing larger fields of view with reasonably higher resolution. Whole vessel was thus mapped and various turbulent properties were examined. The mean flow-fields, out-of-plane vorticity and turbulent properties such as Reynolds stresses, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent energy dissipation rates were estimated at different angle of blade rotation. The variation of the trailing vortex axis was obtained. The pumping number and power number ofPBT impeller was obtained as 0.86 and 1.52 respectively. Using this information, an integral length scales were estimated using 2-D FFT autocorrelation, which showed that these length scales vary significantly through out the vessel. It is demonstrated that assuming constant length scale through out the vessel could underestimate dissipation rate up to 25% in the impeller discharge. A kinetic energy balance was carried out around the PBT blades. It is shown that around 44% of the total power consumed by the impeller is dissipated within the impeller. The average rate of dissipation of kinetic energy was 39 times higher in the impeller region than the average dissipation rate in the vessel. Using LDA and PIV techniques, macro-instabilities (Ml) were studied. Spectral analysis was done using LOMB algorithm, which showed the presence of a dimensionless frequency of O.013-0.0174N in the RDT and PBT impellers. The frequency of Ml varied linearly with the impeller speed. The maximum broadening of turbulence levels due to the presence of Ml was around 20% for the PBT and 18% for the RDT impeller. The effect of mixing on the feed locations was studied using PlV measurements. Results showed that there is no direct effect of feed coming out of the feed pipe on the flow distribution, however, due to feed pipe, there was a wake formation close to the feed pipe. The low Reynolds number in the wake can affect local mixing conditions close to the feed pipe. At the end, angle-resolved Reynolds stresses were calculated and was noticed that flows in the vessel were isotropic in the bulk of the vessel however, anisotropic flow was noticed in the impeller stream.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo