Role of Effective Feed Back in Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Designing for Faculty Development

errors in multiple choice questions (MCQs) designing by the faculty members and to obtain need assessment feedback for faculty development for MCQ designing. Methods: In this study, all MCQs submitted by faculty members of Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) over a period of one year and three months from January 2009 to April 2010 were reviewed from time to time by the assessment committee. A total of 922 MCQs were reviewed. The reviews were compiled and analyzed to find out the frequency and types of errors made inadvertently in the structure and design of MCQs. Results: During the study period, the faculty members submitted a total of 922 MCQs. Spectrum of errors in MCQs ranged from spellings to complex questions to question cues. A total of 40% items qualified for being included in final assessment Conclusion: Review process is very important in improving the quality of items

Comparative analysis of conventional versus modern appraisal systems: an empirical evidence from telecom sector of Pakistan

Current study aims at investigating the comparison of online performance appraisal system in relation with Traditional paper and pencil based performance appraisal system on employees’ work outcome and behavior. In this way, the contemporary study will focus on major areas of online performance appraisal system and paper and pencil based performance appraisal system. The universe selected for this study is telecommunication industry of Pakistan and two stage sampling is used to conduct the study. First all the telecommunication and cellular companies were the population and then PTCL was finally selected for study purpose. The results showed that there is a significance difference between the responses of the manual and online respondents and it is very clear that the employees consider online based performance appraisal system to be more beneficial and accurate with respect to the above mentioned six constructs

Assessment of Salt Tolerance Ability among Different Accessions of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Twenty sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) accessions were evaluated against three different salinity levels. Triplicate factorial completely randomized design was followed. Salinity was developed with NaCl to achieve the final salinity levels of 3dSm-1, 6dSm-1 and 9dSm-1, whereas control contained tap water. Data of 60 days old ten seedlings from each entry was recorded and analyzed. Accessions G-36, G-61, A-23, A-6, and A-185 performed better in both controlled and saline conditions. These accessions showed better biomass production and high shoot and root growth by least concentration of Na+ and higher concentration of K+ and Cl- in leaf sap resulting in better K+ and Na+. Keywords: Halianthus annus, salinity, biomass, leaf sa

Formal and Executable Specification of Random Waypoint Mobility Model Using Timed Coloured Petri Nets for WMN

The wireless mesh network (WMN) is an emerging and cost-effective alternative paradigm for the next generation wireless networks in many diverse applications. In the performance evaluation of routing protocol for the WMN, it is essential that it should be evaluated under realistic conditions. The usefulness of specific mobility protocol can be determined by selection of mobility model. This paper introduces a coloured Petri nets (CP-nets) based formal model for implementation, simulation, and analysis of most widely used random waypoint (RWP) mobility model for WMNs. The formal semantics of hierarchical timed CP-nets allow us to investigate the terminating behavior of the transitions using state space analysis techniques. The proposed implementation improves the RWP mobility model by removing the “border effect” and resolves the “speed decay” problem

Seed priming: An overview of techniques, mechanisms, and applications

Seed priming is a pre-sowing seed treatment method that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to improve seed germination and early seedling growth. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of seed priming techniques, their underlying mechanisms, and diverse applications in crop production during the recent years. The article introduces the concept of seed priming and its importance in optimizing seed performance, discussing various seed priming techniques including osmotic priming, hydro-priming, hormonal priming, and microbial priming. Each technique is described in detail, outlining the specific procedures and conditions involved, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The underlying mechanisms of seed priming are explored, elucidating the biochemical, physiological, and molecular changes that occur during seed priming, and the interactions between priming substances and seeds. The article also provides an in-depth analysis of the applications of seed priming, discussing its positive effects on seed germination, seedling vigour, stress tolerance, and its potential for sustainable agriculture. This review article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and faculties working in the field of seed technological research and progressive farmers who can adopt this technology for enhancing crop yield. This article provides insights into the techniques, mechanisms, and applications of seed priming for optimizing seed performance and enhancing crop productivity in diverse agricultural systems

The Promotion of Democratic Behavior and the Role of Media

This study is conducted to measure the influence of social media over the democratic behavior of the students. Social media is the main component of political participation in democratic societies and the study of democratic behavior is a highly specialized sub-field in political and social science. The study was concerned with the reasons that to what extent the social media play a significant role in promoting the democratic behavior of the students. The main objectives of the present study were to find out the factors like the social media which affect the democratic behavior of the students in Gomal University. A sample of 70 respondents (students) was selected by simple random technique from Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Specifically, this study explored the relationship of democratic behavior with social media and the other factors that had strong effect on democratic behavior. The results of the present study showed a diverse response of the student regarding the impact of social media on the democratic behavior.

Organizational Resilience: A Dynamic Capability of Complex Systems

In recent years, the concept of organizational resilience has largely attracted the interest of academicians and practitioners alike. A fair number of researches have been conducted on developing the concept of organizational resilience. However, there seems to be a lack of consensus over its conceptualization mainly because the concept itself is prodigious and is used in a variety of disciplines. Furthermore, research within the domain of organizational resilience has been outcome oriented; however, questions addressing the drivers of resilience are yet to be answered. On the other hand, research within the domain of dynamic capabilities view have long been criticized as tautological, resistant to operationalization, and lacking the unification of thought. However, there exists a sufficient degree of conceptual similitude between the two concepts, mainly due to their epistemological similarities grounded within the theoretical assumptions of chaotic systems, environmental dynamism, and systems thinking. Incorporating both perspectives in parallel for understanding the theoretical connections can lead to clarifications at an ontological level. Therefore, this paper attempts to propose a holistic model of organizational resilience by incorporating a lens metaphor of dynamic capabilities view. This paper is divided into four sections. The first section of this paper lays down the multidisciplinary discourses within the realm of organizational resilience. The second section highlights the management discourse about the conceptualization of organizational resilience. The third section of this paper uses a lens metaphor of dynamic capabilities view in an attempt to add depth to the concept of organizational resilience. The fourth and the final section attempts to propose the drivers of organizational resilience from a strategic viewpoint

GAIT RECOGNITION PROGRESS IN RECOGNIZING IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS

We present a humans credentials system centered on ambulation characteristics. This problem is as eminent as acoustic gait recognition. The objective of the scheme is to explore sounds radiated by walking persons (largely the musical note sounds) and identifies those folks. A cyclic model topology is engaged to denote individual gait cycles. This topology permits modeling and detecting individual steps, leading to very favorable identification rates