Mouse Lung Conditioned Medium Induces Short Term Erythropoiesis in Mouse Long Term Bone Marrow Culture System

Dexter-type long-term bone marrow culture is a myelopoietic culture system that allows maintenance of  mouse and human hematopoiesis in vitro over a period of several months. In mouse unperturbed long-term  bone marrow culture, erythropoiesis activity is limited to the production of immature erythroid progenitors  (BFU-E) from primitive hematopoietic stem cells. In this study the effects of mouse lung conditioned  medium (MLCM) as a source of myeloid growth factors, on long-term mouse bone marrow cultures was  studied. Numbers of cells in adherent and non-adherent layers of cultures were counted weekly and the  morphological appearances of mature cells that were produced in non-adherent layers were analyzed. In the  presence of MLCM, mature nonnucleated and hemoglobinized red blood cells were produced in the nonadherent  layers of the cultures.

CDX2 Protein Expression in Colorectal Cancer and ItsCorrelation with Clinical and Pathological Characteristics, Prognosis, and Survival Rate of Patients

Purpose: Caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is expressed in the nucleus of the intestinal epithelial cells and is essential for embryonic formation and differentiation of the intestine, whose reduced expression can result in metastatic tumors. This study was to investigate the association of CDX2 expression level in colorectal cancer (CRC) with age, gender, microscopic histopathology, tumor staging, tumor grading, 3-year survival rate, and prognosis. Methods: After preparing paraffin tissue blocks, CDX2 protein expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry in 82 CRC patients. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect tumor histology, tumor grading, tumor staging, and blood-lymphatic, and neural invasion. The collected data includes age, gender, tumor site, and 3-year survival rate of patients after diagnosis. Results: The CDX2 expression was significantly higher in men than in women, and it was significantly lower in right-sided tumors as in transverse colon and left-sided tumors. Also, the CDX2 expression was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in mucinous. In addition, a significant correlation was found between downregulated CDX2 and lymph node involvement. In tumor grading, there was a significant correlation between CDX2 downregulation and high-grade tumor. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between downregulated CDX2 expression and overall pathological staging. Conclusion: The downregulated CDX2 expression is associated with female gender, right-sided tumors, mucinous tumors, lymph node involvement, high-grade tumor, and advanced overall pathological staging and can be considered as a possible prognostic factor for patients follow-up. However, our study is a preliminary study and further studies with larger sample sizes in different ethnic groups are required. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Comparison of the diagnostic value of the visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA)and Pap smear in cervical cancer screening

Objective: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of VIA with Pap smear in screening for cervical cancer. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 440 women who had eligibility criteria, in Kashan city were assessed. All women underwent Pap smear test and then a visual inspection with acetic acid and colposcopy-biopsy (Gold Standard). Then, the diagnostic value indices including the specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values for the results of VIA and Pap smear were analyzed by SPSS V16 software. Results: Finding showed that 29.9 of women had abnormal Pap smear. The false positive rate of Pap smear was 40.2, and its false negative rate was 37.4. For VIA, the false positive and false negative rates were 21.2 and 4.6. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV of Pap smear was 29.7, 85.5, 59.8, 62.6, and these values for VIA was 94.6, 81.6, 78.8, 95.4 respectively. Combination of Pap smear and VIA showed the sensitivity of 97.3 and 100 in low grade and high grade cervical lesions. Conclusion: VIA has a higher sensitivity than Pap smear in detection of low and high grade cervical lesions, however, its specificity is less than Pap smears. Therefore it is recommended to use of VIA along with Pap smear to reach a higher sensitivity. © 201

Effects of right hepatic artery ligation

Abstract Background: Injury to right hepatic artery (RHA) may occur during hepatobiliary operative procedures. Although it may not be detected and is clinically silent in most of the cases, liver abscess, bleeding, hemobilia, and right hepatic lobe ischemia needing surgical excision have been reported. The aim of this study was a more detailed evaluation of hepatic consequences following RHA injury in an animal model. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 New Zealand rabbits 6 months of age. Blood samples for the measurement of hepatic enzymes was obtained from the rabbits before ligation of the hepatic artery. After 10 days, blood sampling was repeated and the animals were killed and 0.5 × 2 cm liver wedge biopsy was prepared from right lateral lobe, the distribution area of RHA. P values of < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Laboratory data before and after surgical intervention showed serum bilirubin of 0.133 ± 0.044 and 0.135 ± 0.042, respectively (P value = 0.47). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was 122.4 ± 44.12 and 122.8 ± 44.43, (P value = 0.36) respectively. Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) was 31.2 ± 5.34 and 86.2 ± 33.9, (P value = 0.001) respectively. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) was 30.13±8.46 and 69.4±47.7, respectively (P value = 0.001). Laparotomy showed no considerable change in median lobe of livers, except mild necrosis in one (5%) rabbit. Severe necrosis was found in the right lateral lobe of 15 rabbits (75%), moderate necrosis in 3 (15%), and mild necrosis in 2 (10%) cases. No abscess or gangrene was found. The Gall bladder was intact in all animals. Conclusions: The RHA obliteration causes an increase in liver enzymes and considerable right lateral hepatic lobe necrosis (75%) but no liver abscess, gangrene or gall bladder abnormality. © 2017, Trauma Monthly

Scrotum Injury by Scorpion Sting

Androctonus crassicauda is the second most frequent causes of scorpion sting in south-west Iran. Its venom can cause sever pain, autonomic, central nervous system (CNS), muscle function disturbances, and death. Appropriate medi­cal and nursing cares can lead to complete recovery with no sequel .The majority of scorpion stings are oligosympto­matic, occurring mainly on the hands and feet (about 90%). Here one rare case of a scorpion sting on the scro­tum is reported from Kashan, central Iran.                                                

Diagnostic Value of Endometrial Sampling with Pipelle Suction Curettage for Identifying Endometrial Lesions in Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Background: While determining the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding, sampling from the endometrium is necessary. Considering that pipelle suction curettage can be performed on an out patient basis and does not require hospitalization, using anesthesia and cervical dilatation, we performed this study. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of dilatation and curettage (D&amp;C) with pipelle suction curettage. Methods: This study was quasiexperimental on 200 pre and postmenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding who refered to Shabihkhani hospital in Kashan, Iran. Endometrial sampling was performed in all patients with two methods namely pipelle and D&amp;C. A pathologist examined the samples each having a predetermined code. Results: The mean age of subjects was 46.2 ±6.2 years, minimum age was 35 years and the maximum was 70 years. The various pathological lab findings were proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium, athrophic, decidua, cystic and adenomatous hyperplasia. The reports were the same in two methods except for 2 cases where they were different: secretory endometrium with D&amp;C but cystic hyperplasia in pipelle method. Conclusions: The result of our study shows the comparability of obtaining endometrial sample by pipelle with D&amp;C. Due to comfort and convenience of patients in pipelle methode especially in the office setting which does not need anesthesia, pipelle method can easily be employed instead of D&amp;C. Keywords: Pipelle Suction Curette, Dilatation and Curettage, Premenopause, Postmenopause

Toxic effects of scorpion, hemiscorpius lepturus (Hemiscorpiidae) venom on mice

Scorpion stings are common in Iran, particularly in the southern and southwest regions of the country, and they pose a serious health problem. Hemiscorpius lepturus is the most venomous scorpion in the region. The present study was conducted to investigate the in vivo effects of scorpion venom in experimental mice. Haematological parameters (white and red blood cells numbers and haematocrit levels) and histological changes (skin, stomach, spleen, heart, liver, kidney, lung, pancreas, small intestine, anal, adrenal, brain, and bladder) venom were measured in mice. The results revealed that H. lepturus species has negative effects on both local and systemic tissues in mice, which may include damage to the skin and internal organs, respectively

Study of the Effect of Hemiscorpius Lepturus Venom on Levels of WBC, RBCc and Hematocrit in Rats

Introduction: Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion present in the southern provinces of the country, especially in Khoozestan stings a lot of people that results in long-standing dangerous side effects and sometimes even mortality. As the study of the effects of this scorpion venom on some laboratory animals can determine its mechanism of action and help us to cure people stung by scorpions, this study has been done to study the effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus venom on levels of WBC, RBC and hematocrit of rats. Methods: An experimental study has been done on 51 rats of the same race with approximate age of 2-3 months, and weight of 200-250 grams. . All the hematological features including WBC (White Blood Cell), RBC (Red Blood Cell) and HT (Hematocrit) were measured prior to venom injection. The same procedures were followed after injection of 1 microlitre of venom. Results before and after injection have been analyzed by Wilcoxon Matched, Pairs signed and Ranks statistical tests. Results: The results of the study have shown that the venom caused changes in the levels of WBC, RBC and Hematocrit. The mean level of WBC at the start was 10234, whereas following the venom injection it reached to the level of 11757( P<0.0007). The mean number for RBC before the treatment was 7509130 and after injection, the number declined to 7065098( P<0.0001). The average amount of Hematocrit before and after injection was 40.087% and 39.0588 %, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: Hemiscorpius lepturus venom has some effects on the levels of WBC, RBC and hematocrit of rats. The study of the hematological changes in humans can lead to better study of the effect of this venom and consequently suitable cure for the injured