ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY AND SPA INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHEAST OF THAILAND

The health care and spa industries are service industries. Many businesses in these industries try to develop their services. Meeting as many needs as possible leads not only to better quality but also to competitive advantage. This research study aims to investigate the development of the health care and spa industries. The study focused on the service of entrepreneurs and customer behaviour. The case of Khon Kaen province, where Thailand’s northeast capital city is located, was chosen. The sample used in data collection consisted of customers and entrepreneurs in the region. The questionnaire technique was used for customers, while the observing and interviewing technique was used for entrepreneurs. The study found that more than half of the customers had experience in using these types of services and intended to use these services much more in the future. The customers of each industry tend to use both services but prefer convenience. The entrepreneurs have the capability to increase their service segments when a clearer view of government policy and customer needs was revealed. Entrepreneurial development in these industries tends to fall into the issue of linkage between these two industries much more than the other issues.Entrepreneurial Development, Health Care Industry, Spa Industry, Northeast Thailand

Rural industrialisation and policy formulation : a case study of North-East Thailand

[From the introduction]:Governments throughout the developing world share the same wide objective of bringing development to their people (Cheema and Rondinelli, 1983, 10). However, just as there is no universally accepted definition of what 'development' should involve, so too is there no universal strategy for achieving development (Black, 1991, 15: Jenkins, 1992, 164). Some countries try to develop their economies by increasing their national aggregate productive capacity, which essentially seeks to bring about development through fostering economic growth. The expectation here is that a dynamic economy will over time create the necessary conditions for the improvement in livelihood and welfare of the population as a whole (Jenkins, 1992, 165).Other countries give priority to poverty reduction and welfare improvement directly through prioritising a strategy of income distribution and the equitable provision of utilities and opportunity. This approach, which is often guided by prevailing ideology, is driven by the experience that economic growth alone has seldom been successful in bringing 'development' (seen here as an improvement in the quality of life) to the entirety, or even majority, of a country's population (Demaine, 1986, 94: Ekins, 1992, 8). Some countries - among them Thailand - have been remarkably successful in engendering economic dynamism, but its benefits have not been shared by all. Typically, rural areas and the rural peasantry, particularly in peripheral and isolated areas, have derived little if any benefit from national economic growth (Demaine, 1986, 94). This results, inter alia, in widening levels of income disparity and regional inequality. Growth tends to be concentrated in certain core, dynamic areas whilst poverty and welfare problems may persist elsewhere. According to most contemporary definitions, this hardly constitutes 'development'.The governments of most developing countries have vested in themselves an important role in development planning and policy-making (Rondinelli, 1990, 31). Some have been more successful than others, especially in cases where poverty alleviation and the reduction of social and spatial inequalities represents the most pressing development need [ibid., 34). In countries like Thailand, where the majority of the population still resides in rural areas, the promotion of rural development has to be the overriding priority. Unfortunately, in spite of state intervention in economic planning, and policy pronouncements which identify redistribution as an important objective, the development gap between rural and urban people, and between core and peripheral areas, continues to widen. One explanation for this apparent paradox is the highly centralised nature of development administration (usually emanating from the capital city), and the top-down nature of the planning process (Simon, 1990, 8). This typically leads to a disarticulation between the peasants' needs and the planners' perception of these needs. In the meantime, market forces almost inevitably determine that economic dynamism, and the associated benefits, will tend to concentrate in the areas, sectors of the economy, and among the social groups who have the initial advantage (Rondinelli, 1990, 54). In most cases this translates into urban-based industrial dynamism bringing benefits to a relatively small, privileged section of the national population (Ekins, 1992, 9). The hoped-for diffusion, or trickling-down, of benefits to the rural periphery has been very slow to materialise.Set against this back-drop, this study aims to explore alternative means of promoting development in peripheral rural areas. In particular, it aims to explore the potential for fostering development at the 'grassroots' level, and engendering 'development from below' (Stohr and Taylor, 1981). The enquiry is set within the context of development in Thailand, and in particular the Northeastern region which has enjoyed few of the benefits of the country's recent economic boom

Causal Variables Affecting Rural Industry Outsourcing In Northeast Thailand

The purpose of this research was to study causal variables affecting outsourcing of rural industry management in northeast Thailand. This study focused on entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing sector. A path analysis technique with multiple regression method was used as a tool to analyze the influence of factors in rural industry outsourcing. According to the analysis, we found three factors directly affecting rural industry outsourcing management: (1) cost of production, (2) facilities of management and production efficiency and (3) potential for subcontracting. We also found that rural industry outsourcing management was indirectly influenced by two additional factors: (1) government policies and law, and (2) the environment of the outsourcing area. A coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.244 and Durbin-W Aston = 1.936 were obtained in the study

Influence Factors Affecting Management Of Small Enterprises In Northeast Thailand

Small enterprises are key goals to stabilizing the economy of a developing country; however, entrepreneurs still lack business administration experience. In this paper, we will give a view of the influence factor of small enterprises that entrepreneurship must be concerned with before they decide to set up a small business. For this research, we collected and analyzed data using both qualitative and quantitative methods. We conducted in-depth interviews with 45 entrepreneurs in northeast Thailand and analyzed the data collected by doing a content analysis. We also provide 400 questionnaires to entrepreneurs in 10 provinces in northeastern Thailand, and then we used factor analysis and multiple regression to analyze the data collected. From this analysis, we found seven factors that influence small enterprises: (1) knowledge and skills, (2) performance, (3) technology, (4) owner attitude, (5) motivation, (6) finances and capital, and (7) creativity. The total variance was 56.013%, and a Kaiser-Myyer-Olkin ( KMO) score of = 0.909 was obtained from this study

The Influence Factors That Affect Thailands Management Of Youth Reproductive Health Service

The management of reproductive health service for youth has become an important issue during the recent year. However, management has no clear idea about the influential factors of concern to. In this paper, we will discuss these influence factors that affect the management of youth reproductive healthcare service. Mixed methods were used for data collection, including qualitative methods that were conducted by in-dept interview and analyzed by binary logistic regression. According to the analysis, we found six factors that affect the management of reproductive health service, including (1) personal expense, (2) communication within the family, (3) fear of parents reactions, (4) the bureaucratic process of healthcare services, (5) the limitation of healthcare services, and (6) healthcare providers. Then, we reduced the six factors into three group factors that we call three systems to explain these important factors that are of concern to management of reproductive health service. These include the personnel system, service system, and the family support system

Management Strategy For Administration Of Textile Industries In A Developing Country: Case Study Thailand

This paper will detail the significant problems with the management of the textile industry in northeast Thailand and suggest a management strategy that will solve those problems. The objectives of this study are to study the factors affecting the organizational development of textile industries and to explore the guidelines for development of the operation and management of textile industries. For this research, data were collected and analyzed, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Researchers conducted interviews with 18 entrepreneurs in textile industries in northeast Thailand and analyzed the data by doing a content analysis. From the interviews, researchers discovered six influences on the organizational development of textile industries: 1) human resource management, 2) financial performance, 3) knowledge capital, 4) marketing management, 5) supply chain management, and 6) manufacturing management and technology. The quantitative research consisted of a questionnaire that was mailed to entrepreneurs. Multiple regression (SPSS) of this data was then performed. From this analysis, financial performance and human resource management were found to be the most significant issues that entrepreneurs should consider in the management of textile industries. To solve this problem, researchers suggest that entrepreneurs use strategic outsourcing to transfer part of their production to village enterprises. A coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.208 and Durbin-W Aston = 1.903 was obtained in the stud

Double inferior vena cava with three shunts: a rare anomaly with important implications for surgeons

Inferior vena cava (IVC) is the largest single vein that collects systemic venous blood from the lower part of the body except the gut and drains into the right atrium. Double IVC is a rare anomaly in humans and usually is discovered incidentally during the interventional radiological procedures or routine cadaveric dissection. Here we report a rare case of unusual observations in an adult female Thai cadaver with a duplicated left IVC with three short venous shunts and a variant pattern of the hemiazygos vein. Also included in this case was the presence of unilateral double renal vein on the right kidney. This type of anatomic variation of the great vein has never been reported before. A detailed description of these variations is useful and essential for the surgeons during approaching the retroperitoneal region

Vascular Reconstructions in Kidney Transplantation

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