Population health as a factor of innovative development of Russian economy

Здоровье населения является одним из важнейших факторов способности экономики страны к инновационному развитию. В данной работе рассматривается проблематика состояния здоровья населения России. Анализируются интегральные показатели, которые влияют на состояние здоровья населения.Population health is one of the most important factors that affect the economy ability to develop in innovative way. Considers the state of health problems of the Russian population. Integral indices, which affect the population health, have been analyzed

Features of microstructure formation in the AK4-1 and AK12D aluminum alloys after their joint friction stir processing

Friction stir processing is one of the modern methods of local modification of the surface of aluminum alloys in the solid-phase state, which provides the dispersion of structural components. In heat-hardened aluminum alloys with a matrix type structure, heat treatment following after friction stir processing can lead to abnormal grain growth in the stir zone. However, in alloys with the structure close to microduplex type, a fine-grained structure can be formed after friction stir processing and heat treatment. This work is aimed at evaluating the possibility of increasing the microstructure thermal stability of the AK4-1 (Al–Cu–Mg–Fe–Si–Ni) matrix-type aluminum alloy. For this purpose, AK12D (Al–Si–Cu–Ni–Mg) aluminum alloy with the structure close to microduplex type was locally mixed into the studied alloy by friction stir processing. Subsequent Т6 heat treatment was carried out according to the standard mode for the AK4-1 alloy. Studies showed that the stir zone had an elliptical shape with an onion-ring structure. This structure comprised alternating rings with different amounts and sizes of excess phases. At the same time, in the stir zone center, the width of rings and the average area of excess phases were larger compared to the stir zone periphery, where the width of rings and the average area of particles were smaller. The average area of excess phases in the rings with their higher content was smaller than in the rings with their lower content. This distribution of excess phases leads to the formation of a fine-grained microstructure, where the average size of grains depends on the interparticle distance in the α-Al solid solution

Research on the impact of nano carbon fillers on the morphology of epoxy binder

ABSTRACT: Introduction. When developing a composite material, it is important to understand how the components included in its composition affect its properties. Fillers, by interacting with the matrix, can alter its initial structure, resulting in the composite acquiring characteristics different from the matrix. The high modifying ability of nanofillers is determined by their significant specific surface area. This allows for the total interfacial area between the matrix and the dispersed phase to be covered even with a relatively low concentration of particles, thereby enabling the use of a small amount of filler. Methods and materials. Composite materials with nano carbon fillers were investigated, including fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene. Fractographic analysis of the tensile fracture surfaces of the samples was chosen to evaluate the structure of the composites, which allows determining the nature of the failure and the ability of the composite to restrain crack propagation. The microstructure of the composite materials, as well as the morphology of the reinforcing nano carbon fillers, were examined with a Tescan MIRA3 scanning electron microscope. Results and discussion. In a graphene composite, crack energy is dissipated through branching and elongation of the crack path. Carbon nanotubes, being embedded in the crack walls, hinder the opening of the crack edges. Crack energy is also consumed in overcoming friction forces during the extraction of nanotubes from the epoxy matrix. Agglomerates of fullerenes act as effective crack front arresters, forcing the crack to circumvent them, thereby creating new areas of fracture surfaces. This leads to an increase in the crack front length and the energy required for material failure. Conclusion. Adding nano-carbon fillers (graphene, CNT and fullerenes) as reinforcing components in the epoxy binder alters the structure. The study defines possible mechanisms for hardening of the composite materials due to adding the nano-carbon fillers

Improving Methodological Approach to Measures Planning for Hydraulic Fracturing in Oil Fields

Goal of the research is development of an integrated approach to the planning of hydraulic fracturing (HF) treatment taking into account geo-technical, hydrodynamic, technological and economic criteria for the selection of wells for inclusion in the programs of HF with increasing importance of economic criteria. Stages of formation of the program for HF of the oil company are selected, systematized and analyzed. It is shown that high potential effectiveness of enhanced oil recovery method in fields with hard-to-recover reserves, on the one hand, and the complexity and high cost of application, on the other, determine the need to optimize the parameters of this business process at all stages of implementation and improve its planning methods. The priority directions for improving the hydraulic fracturing planning were justified: a clear definition of the criterion for the payback period of hydraulic fracturing activities, taking into account their technological features, improving the procedure for calculating the costs of implementing this technology and improving the reasonableness of selecting candidate wells for inclusion in the hydraulic fracturing program. Feasibility of using an additional criterion in the formation of hydraulic fracturing programs – marginal minimum cost-effective wall capacity – has been shown and a method for calculating it has been developed. The use of this criterion will allow to take into account not only technological limitations, but also limits of economic efficiency of conducting hydraulic fracturing at each specific well and, at the preliminary selection of candidate wells, exclude a priori unprofitable measures. It is advisable to take into account proposed directions for improving planning of hydraulic fracturing in the development of corporate regulatory documents, which will help to improve the quality of planning geological and technical measures, minimize investment risks, make more rational use of oil companies' resources for improving oil recovery, choosing the best management decision

Anabolic activity of leuzea and cranberry meal plant extracts composition

Еhe anabolic properties of a new composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts in a ratio of 7:50, containing ecdisten and ursolic acid, respectively, have been investigates on a model of isolated overload of the skeletal muscle of the rats leg by the method of excision. Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on Wistar stock rats of both sexes weighing 220–250 g. At the beginning of the experiment, all animals underwent musculus gastrocnemius tenotomy (m.gastrocnemius), and then the composition has been intragastrically administered for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were decapitated, blood was taken to determine biochemical parameters (creatine phosphokinase activity, glucose and lactate level) and muscles from both legs were separated to determine the difference between the mass of the musculus soleus (m. soleus) operated on and the mass m.soleus of a non-operated paw. Results and discussion. A dose-dependent anabolic effect was established for the composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts. A gender difference was found, which was confirmed by the obtained values of creatine phosphokinase activity and glucose/lactate ratio. Conclusions. The composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts exhibits a dose-dependent anabolic effect in males and increase physical endurance in female rats on the model of isolated overload of the skeletal muscle of the leg of rats with tenotomy operation

Effectiveness of Class IC Antiarrhythmics in Patients with Paroxysmal Form of Atrial Fibrillation in Absence of Structural Heart Disease

Aim. To study the efficacy of class IC arrhythmic drugs (AAD) and catheter ablation (CA) for paroxysmal form of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with without structural heart disease.Material and methods. The study included 122 patients (44 men, 78 women, mean age 63 [55;68] years) with symptomatic AF paroxysms. Patients was divided into the lappaconitine hydrobromide group (LH group; n=26), the propafenone group (P group; n=25) – 25 patients, the diethylaminopropionylethoxycarbonylaminophenothiazine hydrochloride (DH group; n=23), the CA groups: radiofrequency ablation (RFA group; n=24) and cryoballoon ablation (CRYO group; n=24) groups each included 24 patients. The primary endpoint was the AF recurrence within 6 and 12 months from the onset of antiarrhythmic drug therapyand in RFA and CRYO groups – within 6 and 12 months after the end of the blinding period. Additionally, in AAD groups a composite endpoint was assessed: the frequency of recurrence of AF within 6 months and the frequency of side effects requiring drug withdrawal.Results. Within the 6 months AF recurrence was observed in 13 (50%) patients of the LH group, 11 (44%) patients of the P group, and 13 (56.5%) patients of the DH group (p=0.687). Side effects requiring drug withdrawal were observed in the LH group in 2 patients (7.7%), in the P group in 3 patients (12%) and in the DH group in 3 patients (13%) (p=0.801). The difference in frequency of reaching the composite endpoint was not significant (p = 0.581) and the incidence was 57.7%, 56%, 69.5%, respectively in groups LH, P and DH. The efficacy of CA was higher than class IC AADs: 77% vs 39% (that including the withdrawals of AADs due to side effects) (p˂0.001). At the same time, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of RFA and CRYO: AF recurrences within 6 months after the end of the blinding period were registered in the RFA group in 29% of cases, in the CRYO group – in 16.7% of cases (p=0.247). The overall effectiveness of CA after 12 months was 69%, which was significantly higher than the effectiveness of AADs that was 38% (p˂0.001).Conclusion. Starting the AAD therapy with IC class in patients with paroxysmal AF in the absence of structural pathology, despite acceptable safety, one should take into account that, regardless of the initially prescribed drug, less than half of patients can achieve prevention of AF recurrence within 1 year. CA for AF can be considered as a first line therapy or can be recommended if one of IC class AADs is ineffective

EBSD study of superplastically strained Al-Mg-Li alloy

In this study, electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed to examine the microstructure evolved during superplastic deformation of advanced Al-Mg-Li alloy. In contrast to the widely-accepted conception of superplasticity, the microstructure was found to be characterized by elongated grains, a notable fraction of low-angle boundaries, and a distinct (though a very weak) crystallographic texture. All these observations suggested a significant activity of intragranular slip

Superplastic behavior of fine-grained Al-Mg-Li alloy

The superplastic behavior of fine-grained 1420 Al-Mg-Li alloy was investigated using a modern electron microscopy technique based on automatic analysis of electron backscattered diffraction patterns (EBSD analysis

Role of Microenvironment in Ovarian Tumourisation

Background. Metastasis is a formidable complication of malignant neoplasms, with therapy not always effective in advanced malignancy. Metastasis is a multistep process involving the cancer cell detachment from primary tumour, intravasation, extravasation and invasion into the target organ. Early metastasis stages are well understood, whilst the impact of tumour microenvironment on the disease progression and advancement remains a matter of debate.Aim. An immunohistochemical study of the adaptive and reactive properties of greater omentum with metastatic involvement in ovarian cancer.Materials and methods. We examined greater omentum tissue samples from 40 patients with verifi ed stage 3a and b ovarian cancers. For light microscopy, samples were fi xed in 10 % formalin, dehydrated, paraffi n-embedded and stained with Mayer’s haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical assays used monoclonal antibodies against CD7, CD4, CD8, CD 68, VEGF, D2-40 and CD44 proteins. Statistical data analysis was performed with Statistica v. 7.0 soft ware.Results and discussion. Analyses of the greater omentum tissues revealed cases of leucocyte-bank encapsulation of metastatic foci. Higher CD7+ and CD8+ cell counts were observed in encapsulation, possibly influencing the greater omentum reactive and adaptive properties. Higher CD44-expressing cell counts were also detected in greater omentum samples lacking encapsulation. Angiogenesis marker-expressing cells (e.g., VEGF and CD34) predominated in greater omentum tissues lacking leucocyte-bank encapsulation of metastatic foci.Conclusion. Events in tumour microenvironment may be indicative of a preserved or reduced organ adaptivity, the latter facilitating disease progression