The Effect of Two Types of Concurrent Training on Vo2max, Maximal Strength and Body Fat Percentage in Young Men

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two types of concurrent training on Vo2max, maximal strength and body fat percentage in young men. Methods: 39 healthy young men were randomly divided into three equal number groups (13 subjects/group) including; endurance-resistance concurrent training (ERCT), resistance-endurance concurrent training (RECT) and control (CON). The subjects of ERCT and RECT groups performed endurance and resistance training with the same intensity and duration three times a week for eight weeks. The endurance training program included aerobic training on treadmill from 55 % of maximum heart rate (HRmax) and 25min in the first two weeks to 85% HRmax and 45 minutes in the last two weeks. The resistance training program included free weight training with 50% of 1-RM in first two week to 80% in last two week. The time of training in endurance component was the same as the resistance component of concurrent training. CON group did not participate in any exercise training and did daily routine activities. Estimated VO2max and upper and lower extremities maximal strength and body fat percentage was measured before and 72h after the last training session. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures test was used for statistical analysis. The significant level was set at 0.05 in all statistical analysis. Results: The study results showed a significant increase in VO2max, body fat percentage, lower and upper extremities maximal strength in both ERCT and RECT groups when compared to baseline values (p≤0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the ERCT and RECT groups in any of variables (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, endurance training before resistance or vice versa during concurrent training did not have significant effect on aerobic power, maximal strength and body fat percentage of untrained healthy men

The Responses of Muscle Damage Markers and Growth Mediator to Different Concurrent protocol of Endurance and Resistance Training

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the muscle damage markers and growth mediator responses to concurrent training with different endurance and resistance training order in healthy males. Methods: Thirty-nine healthy male were randomly assigned into three equal homogeneous groups; endurance-resistance training (ER), resistance- endurance concurrent training (RE) and control (C). The training group’s subjects performed eight weeks 3sessions per week concurrent training sessions in the same intensity and duration but different by endurance and resistance exercise orders. Tow incremental exhaustive treadmill tests was performed before training and 72 h after the last training session. Blood samples for the measurement of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 were collected at baseline and immediately after the tow exhaustive treadmill tests. Results: The response of CK, LDH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 to the first and second incremental exhaustive treadmill test showed significant increases in both exercise orders when compared to baseline values (p<0.05). Also, comparison of pre and post-training responses showed a significant decrease in CK and LDH in both exercise order and a significant increase in IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 only in the RE exercise order (P<0.05). However, the present study results didn’t show any significant difference between the ER and RE groups. Conclusion: According to the results, there were significant decreases in muscle damage markers after both types of concurrent training. However, higher growth mediator’s responses were seen when resistance exercise precedes endurance exercise

The Effects of Endurance and Resistance Training on Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Overweight and Obese Men

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance and resistance training on systemic inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome parameters in overweight and obese men. Methods: 33 volunteer participants (BMI=27.39 kg/m2) were randomly divided into three groups (n=11), namely, an endurance training (ET) group, a resistance training (RT) group, and a control group. The ET and RT groups trained for eight weeks at three sessions a week and 150 min per week. Before the training and 72 hours after the last exercise session, blood samples were collected from the subjects for assays on interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), adiponectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose, insulin, and blood lipids and lipoproteins. The percentage body fat, waist circumference, WHR, and blood pressure of the subjects were also measured before and after the training protocols. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures test and significant level of 0.05 was used for all statistical analysis. Results: After training, the ET and RT groups showed a significant decrease in hs-CRP, percentage body fat, insulin and insulin resistance index, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (P<0.05). Both groups likewise showed a significant increase in adiponectin (P<0.05). Only the changes in LDL-C and TNF-α were significant between the ET and RT groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: In general, the effects of resistance training on some of the systemic inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome parameters of the overweight and obese men were incomparable to those of endurance training

The response of pre-inflammatory cytokines factors to different exercises (endurance, resistance, concurrent) in overweight men

Applying several energy systems and concurrent performing of various training models have a more effective role in preventing precocious occurrence of many diseases compared to training single energy system. This can be seen in case of physiologic and metabolic adaptations of the human body too. The present study attempted to investigate the effect of endurance, resistance and concurrent (endurance–resistance) training on pre-inflammatory cytokines in overweight men. Accordingly, 43 healthy overweight (BMI = 28.56± 2.67) young (23.7± 3.3 yr) students were volunteered to participate and randomly divided into three experimental (n= 11) and one control (n= 10) groups. The experimental groups performed 3 days/wk endurance, resistance and concurrent training for 8 weeks. Also, prior to and after the training, a blood sample was collected from the subjects in order to measure pre-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a). Following 8 week training, repeated measure ANOVA results showed a significant difference in IL-1b (P =0.046) and IL-6 (P = 0.009) compared to baseline. However, this was not the case with the TNF-a. Furthermore, between group comparisons showed significant difference in IL-6 (P =0.020) between endurance and resistance groups. Within group comparisons (depended t student test) also showed a significant difference in IL-1b and IL-6 of endurance and concurrent groups compared to baseline. Generally, it can be concluded that endurance and concurrent exercise training in part has a positive effect on pre-inflammatory cytokines