Avenues in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation of lipids.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) offers an alternative ecofriendly method for the conventional solvent extraction of lipids. CO2-based fluids are ideal supercritical fluids thanks to their distinct characteristics, such as nonflammability, nontoxicity, abundance, and recyclability, as well as their ability to solubilize lipophilic substances. Many studies have been conducted on the lipids extraction and fractionation from various lipid sources using scCO2 with or without a co-solvent. These studies revealed that scCO2 is a predominant technology for the lipids extraction and fractionation from various lipid sources. The present review was conducted to determine the influence of scCO2 process parameters on the extraction and fractionation of lipids from various plant and animal sources. Further, the influences of various operating parameters for the lipid extraction and fractionation subjected scCO2 extraction technology were also reviewed

Synthesis And Performance Of Magnetic Chitosan Cellulose Nanocomposite Biosorbent From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch For Heavy Metals Removal

Heavy metals contamination especially in the aquatic environment poses severe environmental pollution concerns worldwide. Sources of heavy metals especially in textile industries has been discharging toxic heavy metals through the release of dyes into the environment during fibre dyeing and finishing processes. Individual wastewater treatment through physical, biological, or chemical method is often very costly and results in large amount of sludge. Thus, there is a need for alternative treatment processes that covers from pre to post wastewater treatment stage. Magnetic chitosan cellulose nanofiber (Mag-Chi-CNF) nanocomposite was synthesized from the isolated cellulose nanofiber by sol-gel technique. Several characterization methods were utilized to characterize the physicochemical, morphological, and thermal properties of the isolated Mag-Chi-CNF. Subsequently, the isolated Mag-Chi-CNF was utilized for single and simultaneous adsorption of heavy metals ions such as Cu(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) from synthetic aqueous solution. The adsorption was conducted by varying adsorption parameters such as pH, bio- sorbent doses, treatment time, and temperature. The surface morphologies of Mag- Chi-CNF revealed the porous structure that may enhance heavy metal adsorption, with average particle length of 500 ± 20 nm and width of 380 ± 12 nm, respectively. Thermal stability analysis shows the Mag-Chi-CNF have high thermal stability properties with thermal degradation temperature of 312 °C

Isolation and Characterization of Magnetic Oil Palm Empty Fruits Bunch Cellulose Nanofiber Composite as a Bio-Sorbent for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) Removal

In the present study, magnetic oil palm empty fruits bunch cellulose nanofiber (M-OPEFB-CNF) composite was isolated by sol-gel method using cellulose nanofiber (CNF) obtained from oil palm empty fruits bunch (OPEFB) and Fe3O4 as magnetite. Several analytical methods were utilized to characterize the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and morphological properties of the isolated CNF and M-OPEFB-CNF. Subsequently, the isolated M-OPEFB-CNF composite was utilized for the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution with varying parameters, such as pH, adsorbent doses, treatment time, and temperature. Results showed that the M-OPEFB-CNF as an effective bio-sorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The adsorption isotherm modeling revealed that the Freundlich equation better describes the adsorption of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) on M-OPEFB-CNF composite. The kinetics studies revealed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was a better-described kinetics model for the removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) using M-OPEFB-CNF composite as bio-sorbent. The findings of the present study showed that the M-OPEFB-CNF composite has the potential to be utilized as a bio-sorbent for heavy metals removal