Evaluation thérapeutique du cancer du sein métastatique par TEP-TDM au 18 F-FDG : peut-on diminuer le temps d'acquisition ou l'activité injectée ?

LE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU Méd (940432101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Strong ALK and PD-L1 positive IHC expression related ALK amplification in an advanced lung sarcomatoid carcinoma: a therapeutic trap?

International audienceObjectivesImmunohistochemistry (IHC) is considered as a screening method for ALK rearrangement thanks to its excellent sensitivity. Strong marking on immunohistochemistry give the go-ahead to start ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK TKI). Lack of therapeutic response may then lead to the suspicion of molecular alterations other than ALK rearrangements.MethodsWe present a patient with strong ALK and PD-L1 positive IHC expression lung sarcomatoid carcinoma with initial life-threatening disease progression after beginning ALK TKI. We also review the literature to summarize ALK amplification clinical features and therapeutic management in lung cancers.ResultsFluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) revealed ALK amplification on the initial anatomopathological samples. Lack of ALK rearrangement and strong PD-L1 positive IHC expression led to the initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) as a second line of treatment, with an excellent response.ConclusionWe demonstrated that IHC positive test, in these cases, must be interpreted with caution. FISH analysis has to be recommended to confirm IHC results in case of unusual phenotype, such as smoker or lung cancer other than adenocarcinoma. Although lung carcinoma with ALK rearrangement seems to be not sensitive to ICI, further investigations should be conducted on other types of ALK molecular alterations. ALK amplifications, as observed in the present case, should not be an impediment to taking into account the PD-L1 marking for the initiation of treatment by immunotherapy

Incidental uptake of 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) in the head or in the neck of patients with prostate cancer

Background. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) is routinely performed in patients with prostate cancer. In this clinical context, foci of FCH uptake in the head or in the neck were considered as incidentalomas, except for those suggestive of multiple bone metastases

F-18 FDG PET/CT Findings in Pulmonary Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis.

Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG) is a rare systemic disease that was described by Liebow in 1973. Dyspnea and chest pain may be present, as in our first patient; however, 25% of patients are asymptomatic, as our second patient. The typical radiographic findings are nonspecific: single or multiple lung opacities, with common involvement of the pleura. To the best of our knowledge, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET has only been reported in one case of NSG, which was atypical as it occurred in an adolescent. We report 2 cases, confirming that the lesions of NSG are FDG positive, showing a typical pattern of multiple bilateral lung nodules (imaged with PET/CT in 1 case). FDG imaging has a potential role when this distribution is observed on CT, to guide the surgical biopsy and show the actual extent of the disease

Liposomes for PET and MR imaging and for dual targeting (magnetic field/glucose moiety): synthesis, properties and in vivo studies

International audienceWe describe the potentiality of a new liposomal formulation enabling PET and MR imaging for cancer diagnosis. The bimodality is achieved by coupling a 68Ga-based radiotracer on the bilayer of ultra magnetic liposomes. In order to enhance the targeting properties obtained under a permanent magnetic field, a sugar moiety was added in the lipid formulation. Two new phospholipids were synthesized, one with a specific chelator of 68Ga (DSPE-PEG-NODAGA) and one with a glucose moiety (DSPE-PEG-Glucose). The liposomes were produced according to a fast and safe process, with a high radiolabeling yield. MR and PET imaging were performed on mice bearing human glioblastoma tumors (U87MG) after iv injection. The accumulation of the liposomes in solid tumor is evidenced by MR imaging and the amount is evaluated in vivo and ex vivo according to PET imaging. An efficient magnetic targeting is achieved with these new magnetic liposomes

Trastuzumab and pertuzumab without chemotherapy in early-stage HER2+ breast cancer: a plain language summary of the PHERGain study.

This is a summary of a publication about the PHERGain study, which was published in The Lancet Oncology in May 2021. The study includes 376 women with a type of breast cancer called HER2-positive breast cancer that can be removed by surgery. In the study, researchers wanted to learn if participants could be treated with two medicines called trastuzumab and pertuzumab without the need for chemotherapy. To identify HER2-positive tumors with more sensitivity to anti-HER2 therapies, the researchers used a type of imaging called a FDG-PET scan to check how well the treatments were working. Participants took a treatment before surgery, consisting of either chemotherapy (docetaxel and carboplatin) plus trastuzumab and pertuzumab (group A) or trastuzumab and pertuzumab alone (plus hormone therapy if the tumor was hormone receptor-positive; group B). After two cycles of treatment, participants underwent a FDG-PET scan. Participants assigned to group A completed 6 cycles of treatment regardless of 18F-FDG-PET results. Participants in group B continued the same treatment until surgery if their FDG-PET scan showed the treatment was working. While participants who did not show a response started treatment with chemotherapy in addition to trastuzumab and pertuzumab. All participants then had surgery. The results revealed that, of the participants in group B who showed a response using FDG-PET scan, 37.9% achieved a disappearance of all invasive cancer in the breast and axillary lymph nodes. This rate appears to be higher than those reported in previous studies evaluating the same treatment. These participants also had less side effects and improved overall quality of life compared with participants taking chemotherapy plus trastuzumab and pertuzumab. Early monitoring of how well participants respond to treatment by FDG-PET scan seems to identify participants with operable HER2-positive breast cancer who were more likely to benefit from trastuzumab and pertuzumab without the need to have chemotherapy. The PHERGain study is still ongoing and results on long-term survival are expected to be released in 2023. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03161353 (ClinicalTrials.gov)

Liposomes for PET and MR Imaging and for Dual Targeting (Magnetic Field/Glucose Moiety): Synthesis, Properties, and <i>in Vivo</i> Studies

We describe the potentiality of a new liposomal formulation enabling positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance MR­() imaging. The bimodality is achieved by coupling a ⁶⁸Ga-based radiotracer on the bilayer of magnetic liposomes. In order to enhance the targeting properties obtained under a permanent magnetic field, a sugar moiety was added in the lipid formulation. Two new phospholipids were synthesized, one with a specific chelator of ⁶⁸Ga (DSPE-PEG-NODAGA) and one with a glucose moiety (DSPE-PEG-glucose). The liposomes were produced according to a fast and safe process, with a high radiolabeling yield. MR and PET imaging were performed on mice bearing human glioblastoma tumors (U87MG) after iv injection. The accumulation of the liposomes in solid tumor is evidenced by MR imaging and the amount is evaluated <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> according to PET imaging. An efficient magnetic targeting is achieved with these new magnetic liposomes