Невербальные средства общения в современной литературе: роман Дж. М. Кутзее "Осень в Петербурге"

The article is devoted to the study of gestures as semiotic units of communication that perform certain functions, obeying certain laws. The task was to determine the main ways of encoding and decoding nonverbal behavior in a literary text. The study was conducted on the material of the prose of J. M. Coetzee, the famous writer and Nobel Laureate. The subject of the study is the verbal representation of the characters’ nonverbal behavior in his novel “The Master of Petersburg”. The aim of our study is to identify and analyze gestures in J. M. Coetzee’s work that act as markers of the characters’ emotional state, correlate with their psychological portraits, convey their feelings, experiences, and reveal their personal qualities.El artículo está dedicado al estudio de los gestos como unidades semióticas de comunicación que realizan ciertas funciones, obedeciendo ciertas leyes. La tarea consistía en determinar las principales formas de codificar y decodificar el comportamiento no verbal en un texto literario. El estudio se realizó sobre el material de la prosa de J. M. Coetzee, el famoso escritor y Premio Nobel. El tema del estudio es la representación verbal del comportamiento no verbal de los personajes en su novela "El maestro de Petersburgo". El objetivo de nuestro estudio es identificar y analizar gestos en el trabajo de J. M. Coetzee que actúan como marcadores del estado emocional de los personajes, se correlacionan con sus retratos psicológicos, transmiten sus sentimientos, experiencias y revelan sus cualidades personales.Статья посвящена изучению жестов как семиотических единиц общения, выполняющих определенные функции и подчиняющиеся определенным закономерностям. Задача состояла в том, чтобы определить основные способы кодирования и расшифровки невербального поведения в художественном тексте. Исследование проводилось на материале прозы Дж. М. Кутзее, известного писателя и нобелевского лауреата. Предметом исследования стала корелляция между вербальным и невербальным поведением персонажей в романе писателя «Осень в Петербурге». Цель исследования - выявление и анализ жестов в произведении Дж. М. Кутзее, которые служат маркерами эмоционального состояния персонажей, соотносятся с их психологическими портретами, передают их чувства, переживания и раскрывают их личные качества

A. Losev and Russian Symbolists

The object of study is a little-known aspect of the famous Russian philosopher A. F. Losev’s works, namely, his fiction. Losev's works are considered in comparison with Romanticism and Symbolism. Having a lot of philosophical commonalities, sharing their basic ideas, Losev disagrees with the Symbolists in determining consequences the idealization of man. Any kind of art, and even music, are not capable, according to Losev, of overcoming the egoistic restrictions of human individuality. In Losev’s works one of the central themes of Symbolism finds its continuation – the struggle of man against the dark forces. The writer shows that they can take possession of a person and arouses in him an irresistible desire for destruction. The analysis shows that Losev has a dialectical approach to the nature of any phenomena, including belles-lettres. Based on the artistic traditions of his predecessors – Romantics and Symbolists, combined with the achievements of Russian and European classical literature of the 19th century, Losev offers his own solution to the problems of good and evil, life and death, heaven and earth. Warning the reader about the dangers of individualism and worship of the idols of science and technological progress, he maintains the idea that a soul that has fallen away from God and is trying to realize its creative intentions as a demiurge will inevitably succumb to temptations leading it into the realm of eternal dust and decay. An alternative way of the soul that has fallen from God may be selfless service to the Motherland. The theme of “heavenly Motherland” continues to be voiced in Losev’s works with particular strength, while preserving the hope of the Symbolists for the coming transformation of the world