First-passage dynamics of obstructed tracer particle diffusion in one-dimensional systems

The standard setup for single-file diffusion is diffusing particles in one dimension which cannot overtake each other, where the dynamics of a tracer (tagged) particle is of main interest. In this article we generalise this system and investigate first-passage properties of a tracer particle when flanked by crowder particles which may, besides diffuse, unbind (rebind) from (to) the one-dimensional lattice with rates $k_{\rm off}$ ($k_{\rm on}$). The tracer particle is restricted to diffuse with rate $k_D$ on the lattice. Such a model is relevant for the understanding of gene regulation where regulatory proteins are searching for specific binding sites ona crowded DNA. We quantify the first-passage time distribution, $f(t)$ ($t$ is time), numerically using the Gillespie algorithm, and estimate it analytically. In terms of our key parameter, the unbinding rate $k_{\rm off}$, we study the bridging of two known regimes: (i) when unbinding is frequent the particles may effectively pass each other and we recover the standard single particle result $f(t)\sim t^{-3/2}$ with a renormalized diffusion constant, (ii) when unbinding is rare we recover well-known single-file diffusion result $f(t)\sim t^{-7/4}$. The intermediate cases display rich dynamics, with the characteristic $f(t)$-peak and the long-time power-law slope both being sensitive to $k_{\rm off}$

NATIONAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL STUDIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN BY MEANS OF HUMANITARIAN DISCIPLINES

Purpose: The article describes the view of the author to the actualization of national consciousness of students by means of humanitarian disciplines. The processes of globalization and integration of Tatarstan Republic into the world space exacerbate the problem of preserving the uniqueness and identity, national cultures in the conditions of cultural diversity. Methodology: To solve the problems, we used the following research methods: theoretical (study and analysis of philosophical, psychological, ethnological, sociological, pedagogical, cultural, linguistic, methodological and other literature on the research topic); empirical (pedagogical observation, group and individual conversations, oral and written surveys, testing, questioning, pedagogical experiment); mathematical methods (registration of obtained data, method of mathematical processing of experimental research results). Result: The analysis of the research showed that developed national self-consciousness promotes spiritual development and self-development of the individual. National self-consciousness is the recognition of belonging to a certain national community, along with a positive assessment of representatives of other national cultures, the individual's representation of language, culture, typical features of the community, the common historical past, religion, territory, and statehood. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of National Self-Consciousness of Students in Higher Educational Studies in the Republic of Tatarstan by Means of Humanitarian Disciplines is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

The features of the language of representation of humour in the texts of American and Russian stand-up comedians

Based on the definition of the research object and the subject of sociolinguistics, which is considered an independent scientific discipline, in this article we assume to study the features of the language representation and perception of humour in performances of stand-up comedians from American and Russian linguocultures. We will also consider the similarities and differences of the topics of the texts of American and Russian comedians. In consideration of the genre of special interest is the attitude of the audience (in fact - the society) to the obscene and non-obscene language ("black humor"; "jokes below the belt", etc.) used by stand-up comedians in their performances in the United States and Russia. The relevance of this study is related to the overall underexplored genre"standup" fromlinguistics point of view and originality of their language. Research methodology –set of methods of textual, contextual, linguistic and linguostylistic analysis of the content of the texts of public performances ofthe comedians in the United States and Russia. Material for the study consists of texts of performances of stand-up comedians. The results of our research will help to identify the specifics of the language means of representation of humour in the texts of stand-up comedians.Key words: text, research, speech, language, translation, humour, linguistics, linguoculture,sociolinguistics

Separation of cross-relaxation and exchange in two-site spin systems without resolved couplings

Variable temperature two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement experiment (2-D NOESY) is used to extract the rate constants and cross-relaxation rates that contribute to the same cross-peaks in NOESY spectra. Rate constants (kAB) and cross-relaxation rates (RAB) for two-site spin systems are related to the ratio between the cross-peak and diagonal peak integrals (F) by the expression: RAB - kAB = (1/2 τm)1n[(1 - F)/(1 + F)], where τm is the mixing time. As a model, we investigated the exchange processes in a system of dimer calix[4]arenes of C4v symmetrical configuration with guest inclusion (benzene or benzene-d6), where the measurement of exchange processes is hindered by the presence of strong nuclear Overhauser enhancement between protons in adjacent aromatic rings in the cone conformation of the calix[4]arene

Spatial Structure of Dimeric Capsules of Tetraurea Calix[4]arenes in Solutions According to 2-D NMR (NOESY) Spectroscopy

Spatial structure of calixarene has been investigated by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (nuclear Overhauser effect) spectroscopy. Interproton distances for the given compound in solutions of benzene and cyclohexane have been measured and the experimental values have been compared with theoretically predicted ones

Incidence of Synchronous Multiple Primary Melanoma in Patients with Solitary Melanoma: a Prospective Comparative Study

Background. Malignant melanoma is steadily exaggerating over the recent decades. Nonetheless, improved systemic therapies have substantially increased life expectancy in patients with a locally advanced or disseminated disease. Higherincidence recurrent melanocytic skin lesions become essentially problematic and require more attention and control.Aim. Cross-survey on the incidence of synchronous multiple primary melanomas in patients with solitary melanoma and those with other operable solid tumours.Materials and methods. A total of 289 patients with suspected malignant pigmented skin melanoma were included in the survey. Patients were divided in two cohorts by the presence of primary skin melanoma and its tractability for radical excision. Patients with operable melanoma comprised the study cohort, and those with other solid tumours were the control.Results and discussion. The survey covered 289 patients, with 148 in the study and 141 in the control cohort. The study148 patients revealed 112 malignant pigmented melanomas, but none in the control cohort. A chi-square statistical analysis of clinical values in single and multiple melanoma cases showed a slightly higher prevalence of first-visit melanomas in patients with synchronous tumours (30% pT4 — p = 0.007).Conclusion. The observed 10% rate of second melanoma in the study cohort and a zero melanoma incidence in the control support the alternative hypothesis of a higher rate of newly detected melanomas in primarily diagnosed melanoma patients vs. those with solid tumours

Efficacy of Videoendoscopic Inguinal Femoral Lymphadenectomy for Management of Metastatic Skin Melanoma

Aim. Assessment of the utility and advantage of videoendoscopic inguinal femoral lymphadenectomy (VE-LAD) over the standard open technique (OLAD) in patients with malignant skin melanoma and metastatic lesions of regional inguinal and/or femoral lymph nodes.Materials and methods. The Saint-Petersburg Clinical Research Centre for Specialty Medical Aid in Oncology managed 86 inguinal femoral LADs in melanoma patients over 2013–2016. VE-LAD was rendered in 48 (54.7 %) cases, and OLAD otherwise.Results and discussion. A total of 72 patients were included in the study. VE-LAD was performed in 48 (54.7 %) cases, and OLAD otherwise. An average VE-LAD duration was 90 (60 to 160) min. Severe complications were observed in 4/48 (8 %) VE-LAD and 16/24 (66 %) OLAD cases, which reveals a significantly lower complication rate in the study cohort (chi-square p > 0.000). Lymphorrhoea was shorter in the study cohort (> 7 days in 5 patients vs. 3/24 and > 14 days only in 11/24 OLAD cases; chi-square p > 0.000). No significant differences in relapse-free survival were observed between the cohorts, with higher absolute values of 22.6 months in the VE-LAD (95 % CI 14.8–30.4, p = 0.087) vs. 9.4 months (95 % CI 0.0–18.9, p = 0.087) in OLAD cohort. A median OS was 52.3 months (95 % CI 30.5–74.1, p = 0.996) in the VE-LAD vs. 39.9 months (95 % CI 30.6–49.2, p = 0.996) in OLAD cohort.Conclusion. Videoendoscopic inguinal femoral lymphadenectomy allows a radical inguinal femoral lymph node removal alike in conventional surgical dissection. Our results indicate the method performance towards reduced postoperative wound complications. The oncological indicators are comparable to the traditional surgery cohort

Особенности артропластики при двустороннем гонартрозе

Introduction. Hip and knee arthroplasty are the two of the most frequently used methods of surgical treatment. The techniques of drug support in the perioperative period, as well as the rehabilitation component, are of primary importance. However, due to the increase in number of operations the number of complications is also growing. At the same time, surgical approaches to the treatment of bilateral knee OA are still not sufficiently studied. The literature describes intervals between arthroplasty operations on knee joints from 3 months to 5 years. The epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects of functional recovery in bilateral knee OA patients are also in need of further research.Materials and methods. Authors analysed outcomes in 124 patients with gonarthrosis treated with arthroplasty. 32 patients underwent arthroplasty of the contralateral joint. The outcomes were evaluated with the KSS score and X-ray imaging at 1, 3 and 6 months postop.Results and discussions. In the first month after the operation functional recovery was noted due to the relief of pain, recovery of the muscle tone and regional hemodynamics in the area of the knee joint. It was also noted that the recovery of function in the period from month 1 to month 3 in patients with bilateral gonarthrosis occurs less intensively due to decompensation of the contralateral joint.Conclusion. The study demonstrates the recovery of function in patients in the postoperative period. There is, however, the issue of functional decompensation in the opposite limb, which in turn reduces the effectiveness of motor rehabilitation and leads to the need for endoprosthetic replacement of the second joint.Введение. Эндопротезирование крупных суставов — один из наиболее часто выполняемых методов хирургического лечения при дегенеративных процессах и последствиях травм. Важное значение имеют технологии медикаментозного обеспечения периоперационного периода, так же как и реабилитационная составляющая. Однако в связи с увеличением количества выполненных операций растет и количество осложнений. При этом недостаточно изученными остаются хирургические подходы в лечении двустороннего гонартроза. В литературе имеются данные о промежутках между артропластикой коленных суставов от 3 месяцев до 5 лет. Также нуждаются в дальнейшем изучении эпидемиологические и патогенетические аспекты восстановления функциональной активности при двустороннем гонартрозе.Материалы и методы. Были проанализированы результаты лечения 124 пациентов с гонартрозом по технологии артропластики. 32 пациента перенесли артропластику контрлатерального сустава. Результаты оценивались при помощи шкалы KSS, а также при помощи рентгенографии в промежутках 1, 3, 6 и месяцев после операции.Результаты и обсуждение. На протяжении первого месяца после операции отмечено восстановление функциональной активности за счет купирования болевого синдрома, восстановления тонуса мышц и регионарной гемодинамики в области коленного сустава. Также было отмечено, что восстановление функциональной активности в промежутке от первого до третьего месяца у пациентов с двусторонним гонартрозом происходит менее интенсивно за счет декомпенсации контрлатерального сустава.Заключение. Работа выявляет восстановление функциональной активности у пациентов в послеоперационном периоде, тем не менее есть декомпенсация функции противоположной конечности, что, в свою очередь, как снижает эффективность двигательной реабилитации, так и приводит к необходимости эндопротезирования второго сустава