Uncertainty as the substratum of entrepreneurship

© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. The article addressed the stochastic issues of modern business environment, the content of the concepts of uncertainty and risk. The basis of the concept of business initiatives are defined through the prism of ontology of venture activities. It is proved that the risk enhances the capabilities of a subject and increases its adaptive capacity due to the timely actions. That is why the risk becomes the property of a particular resource that can improve the sustainability of a business entity acting in the face of uncertainty. The sources of uncertainty and risk are shown, being conditional to the implementation of particular subject activity in the business sector. From the standpoint of this study, risk is considered as an attribute of entrepreneurship, which is sure to arise in situations where alternatives are possible, realized in many outcomes. There is uncertainty about a particular outcome, and at least one of the outcomes is harmful. In a broad sense, the risk is understood as a solution associated with the choice of a wide variety of complementary or alternative options, the result of which is internally and unavoidably inherent with uncertainty. Thus, the risk is a characteristic of solutions made by the subject, reflecting the uncertainty of achieving the objectives of its activities. Uncertainty, acting as a substrate of entrepreneurship, is implemented in various alternative ways of achieving subjective goals. Under these conditions, the venture of business activity is manifested most clearly, and the risk is acquiring attribute qualities as an immanent feature of the modern business environment

Pedagogical potential of discipline logic in the development of student thinking culture

© 2016 Khairullin and Khuziakhmetov.Considering the culture of thinking development in a pedagogical context, it should be noted that during an individual development, a person learning concepts historically shaped by a humanity, does not spontaneously perceive and remember them. Acquisition of knowledge requires any mental activity, corresponding to the content of concepts. The aim of the article is to justify the development of a student thinking culture of a high school in the course of studying humanitarian discipline logic and to identify the main features, criteria and indicators of university students thinking culture development. The leading methods of research are: a) the theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature; b) study; c) synthesis of advanced pedagogical experience, which allowed to substantiate the prognostic value of the pedagogical potential of the discipline logic in the students thinking culture development and an introduction to the student’s curriculum of humanitarian course of logic. The following criteria were identified: motivational-axiological (degree of awareness of the students the value of thinking culture); cognitive (the degree of awareness of operations and methods of thought activity); the operational (the nature of the operations and of intellectual activity techniques acquisition and skills to produce rational actions on their application in the educational and extracurricular cognitive processes) and personal (maturity of a reflective position, the degree of mind efficiency and the ability to solve problems creatively). The following provisions have been proved: methodological basis (it constitutes a dialectical and formal logic, the laws of non-contradiction and of the excluded middle); psychological basis (the definition of leading role of receptive kinds of communicative activity in a thinking culture development in a process of logic teaching); logical basis (adoption of logic as a necessary attribute of social life, which is also a way to communicate between different groups of people)

The conflictual dynamics of polities and ethnopolitogenesis

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study puts forward the idea of relationship of polities dynamics with ethnogenetic dynamics that allows to suggest the existence of ethnopolitogenesis as a single process. The ethnogenetic dynamics is expressed by the fact that the ethnicity undergoes throughout its life a series of age phases, stable periods and phase transitions separating these periods-unstable crisis periods, for which is specific large-scale domestic conflicts and major military defeats of the state established by it. The ethnogenetic dynamics is determined by the population qualitative composition dynamics, i.e., by the dynamics of the proportion of the individuals of different energy types as the part of the ethnic group. It's developed a universal and invariant regularity with regard to polity types, ethnicities and historic epochs, linking the polity dynamics in its conflictual aspect with the dynamics of population quality, the numerical algorithm of ethnopolitogenesis. The following hypothesis is stated that at the bottom of the algorithm existence is the synchronization dynamics quality by climatic cycles associated with solar activity cycles

Neural-network simulation of diesel operation under a nonsteady load

© 2016, Allerton Press, Inc.The operation of diesel engines with nonsteady loads is considered. Numerical experiments are based on a model, a neural network, and test-bench data

Synthesis of 5-methyl-2-ethyl-4-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-oxa-4-hospholene

1. The counter synthesis of 5-methyl-2-ethyl-4-chloro-2-oxo-l,2-oxa-4-phospholene was accomplished. 2. The 4-methyl-2-ethyl- and 4-methyl-2-phenyl-5-methylene-2-oxo-1,2-oxa-3-phospholenes were obtained by the chlorination and dehydrochlorination of the 4,5-dimethy1-2-ethyl- and 4,5-dimethy1-2-pheny1-2-oxo-1,2-oxa-4-phospholenes. 3. The 4-methyl-2-ethyl (or phenyl)-5-methylene-2-oxo-1,2-oxa-3-phospolenes when treated with water or alcohols are converted to the corresponding phosphorylated α, β-unsaturated ketones. © 1971 Consultants Bureau

The influence of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on the neuromuscular transmission

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The review surveys the impact of “stress hormones”–glucocorticoids and catecholamines–on the functioning of the neuromuscular synapse. The review brings together the data on the influence of the main agents of stress–cortisol and norepinephrine–on the intensity and timing of the acetylcholine release, as well as signaling effect of its co-mediator ATP

Automated design systems for manufacturing processes

© 2015, Allerton Press, Inc. A method of formalizing complex manufacturing processes on the basis of multilevel decomposition is proposed. In this approach, standard elements are identified at each level. Principles for formulating individual matrices and flexibly adjustable algorithmic matrices are outlined

The influence of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on the neuromuscular transmission

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The review surveys the impact of “stress hormones”–glucocorticoids and catecholamines–on the functioning of the neuromuscular synapse. The review brings together the data on the influence of the main agents of stress–cortisol and norepinephrine–on the intensity and timing of the acetylcholine release, as well as signaling effect of its co-mediator ATP

The Influence of Diabetes Mellitus Duration and Type of Therapy on Cognitive Decline

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.We studied 120 patients with compensated diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2). The inclusion criterion was the absence of memory loss complaints from the patient and/or his/her relatives. The exclusion criteria were diabetes decompensation, myocardial infarction and/or stroke in anamnesis, glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min, the presence of proliferative retinopathy, and/or other endocrine diseases. To diagnose the cognitive decline (CD) we used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA test), Trail Making Test (parts A and B). 77.5 % patients with type 2 diabetes out of 120 had moderate CD; 5 % had a significant CD (dementia). The control group consisted of 50 patients with arterial hypertension, which was comparable with the DM-2 group. In assessing the correlations, we found that the CD in DM-2 group is independent of disease duration and the type of diabetic therapy. We discovered a positive correlation between the age of patients and the speed of cognitive decline. Comparison of patients in DM-2 group with the control group showed that results in patients with hypertension (MMSE, MoCA test) were significantly higher (p < 0.01), and the test time of TMT part A and part B was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that in patients with DM-2. The authors believe that the CD in DM-2 has different pathogenic mechanisms than other complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in particular, the insulin resistance of brain tissue

Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The article presents the results of a survey which included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) without complications, without stroke in anamnesis, with no active complaints about loss of memory, and/or other cognitive functions. The assessment tools for cognitive functions were MMSE, MoCA test, and TMT (parts A and B). SF-36 test was used to assess the quality of life (QoL). It was revealed that the QoL in patients with type 2 diabetes was significantly lower than in the general population. The correlation between QoL and the duration of the disease, the degree of cognitive impairment, and emotional state of patients was evaluated. It was revealed that QoL indicators significantly reduced with the growth of cognitive impairment and emotional disorders. The most significant reduction is revealed in the role functioning indexes and role-emotional functioning indexes