Pirolisis Kulit Kayu Pinus (Pinus Mercusil) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Lempung

Requirement for the source of energy which increasing and petroleum reserve as source of primary energy which continuing attenuate to become the main reason for the importance ofsearching for alternative energy sources instead of petroleum. Biomass specially pine bark only considered as waste that pollutes the environment, whereas the pine bark is biomass that can be processed to become alternative energy that is bio-oil. Bio-oil can be produced through pyrolisis process using catalyst Ni/clay. This research aim to study the effect of the ratio of amount of catalyst to biomass which variation to 3%, 5% and 7% b/b and also the effect of Ni metal consentrate on clay equal to 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% w /w of the yield bio-oil produced. In thisresearch, pine bark biomass as much 50 grams with size of --60+80 mesh, silinap 500 ml, and catalyst Ni/clay entered into pyrolisis reactor. Process of pyrolisis is conducted at temperature320 oC and stirring speed of 300 rpm during 120 minute with stream of nitrogen gas (N2) as inert gas. The result obtained indicate that optimum yield obtained at 2% catalyst Ni/clay asmuch as 7% of biomass that is equal to 61,03%. Physical properties test result obtained that is density (0,856 gr/ml), viscosity (9,306 cSt), acidity number (24,986 mg of NaOH/gr of sample) and flash point (54 oC). Result of chemical analysis with GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in bio-oil are 2-Pentene 22,31%, Pentane 13,46%, 1-propene 7,55%, 2- Hexene 7,35 and 1-Pentene 5,95%

Produksi Biodiesel dari Minyak Nyamplung (Callophyllum Inophyllum) Menggunakan Katalis Lantanum/Lempung : Studi Pemgaruh Suhu Reaksi

Biodiesel is an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels. It can be synthesized by transesterification process of palm oils. Commonly the process of producing biodiesel was used NaOH or KOH as homogeneous catalyst which has the disadvantage the formation of side products such as soaps and complexity of the separation of catalyst. Several research have developed that using heterogeneous catalys. Synthesis of biodiesel from callophyllum inophyllum oil using metal alloys lanthanum on clay as catalyst. This research studied the effect of temperature reaction with variations 55, 60, 65 oC to the yield of biodiesel produced, and to identifying the characteristics of biodiesel produced. This study begins activation of the catalyst in a way additions H2SO4, impregnation, calcination, oxidation and reduction. Furthermore, to remove impurities and gum contained in the oil was done the degumming process. After that, do the process of transesterification in the three neck flask reactor the mole ratio of methanol : oil 12: 1 and a reaction time 120 minutes. The result, highest biodiesel obtained amounted to 78.41% at the reaction temperature of 60 oC. Physical characterization of biodiesel were done such as density 857 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 4.735 mm2/s, acid number 0.61 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and flash point 127.5 oC respectively which have accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel (SNI 04-1782-2006)

Pirolisis Kulit Kayu Pinus Merkusii Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Cr/Lempung Cengar

Bio-oil is produced from biomass through pyrolysis. Then, potential biomass is bark of pine. Bark of pine merkusii can be processed into bio-oil by pyrolysis used Cr/clay catalyst. This research aims to produce bio-oil from bark of pine with Cr/clay catalyst as an alternative fuel, observing the effect of the ratio of catalyst Cr/clay weight to biomass, and observing the influence of Chromium (Cr) impregnation and characterizing physical and chemical characteristic of bio-oil. In the pyrolysis process, 50 grams of pine bark with -100 + 200 mesh, the Cr / clay catalyst with weight variation of the biomass are 3%, 5% and 7% and the variation of Chromium (Cr) impregnation on clay are 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%. And 500 ml of silinap was added to the pyrolysis reactor. Pyrolysis process occurred for 120 minutes at a 320o C and the stirring speed is about 300 rpm. This research resulted in the greatest yield on the use of Cr/clay catalysts 7% of weight to the biomass and 3% metal content is about 65.77%. Characteristics of physical properties was obtained 0.812 g / ml of density, 0.902 cSt of viscosity, 7.626 mg NaOH / gram samples of acidity and 31oC of flash point. While the chemical characteristics of the bio-oil was obtained from the analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) and it found several dominant chemical components such as 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, Cyclohexane, 1-methyl-2-penthyl, Octadecanoic acid, 2-Pentene, 24.4-trimethyl and Cyclohexane, 3- (3,3-dimethylbutyl)