New Approach to Solve Some Problems in Undergraduate Education of Chemical Engineering Students

The present short paper is an attempt in the direction of understanding the learning problems of undergraduate students. Sample of chemical engineering students was selected to perform a simple exam test. The test was divided into four steps. Closed book - individual student, Closed book - cooperative students, Open book - cooperative students, and Exam completion steps. Questionnaire was carried out to obtain the research results. It was found that a large percentage of the students are not studying carefully, the studying method was shallow and depend only on reading ready printed lectures. The results compared with previous exam results. Current test improved the performance of students. The novelty of present work represented by applying a new teaching method in colleges of engineering in Iraq. This short paper also proved that the methods of teaching not restricted to social and humanity studies. paper is an attempt in the direction of understanding the learning problems of undergraduate students. Sample of chemical engineering students was selected to perform a simple exam test. The test was divided into four steps. Closed book - individual student, Closed book - cooperative students, Open book - cooperative students, and Exam completion steps. Questionnaire was carried out to obtain the research results. It was found that a large percentage of the students are not studying carefully, the studying method was shallow and depend only on reading ready printed lectures. The results compared with previous exam results. Current test improved the performance of students. The novelty of present work represented by applying a new teaching method in colleges of engineering in Iraq. This short paper also proved that the methods of teaching not restricted to social and humanity studies

Zeta Potential Optimization of Nano Chitason/SrCl2/MgO Suspension for Electrophoretic Deposition Using Taguchi Method

The stability of Electro Phoretic Deposition (EPD) suspensions containing nanoparticles relies on the impact of Zeta Potential (ZP or ). This property ensures that the nanoparticles have a consistent and stable surface charge, resulting in a uniform and stable coating. This research has been conducted as an experimental study and used the Taguchi method to design experiment optimization of the Zeta potential values, which were obtained by preparing nine suspensions. The study aimed to determine the optimal ZP value for the EPD suspension created with three materials mixed: nanochitason, Chitason/SrCl2/MgO, and a constant value of hydroxyapatite (HA) with consideration of the pH effect. After conducting an analysis, it was found that the suspension's Zeta Potential is negatively charged below a pH value of 8.22. Between 8.22 and 9.7, the ZP has a positive charge. The suspension's isoelectric point (IEP) is 8.22, with a high correlation coefficient indicating the model's reliability in predicting responses. The analysis showed that SrCl2 has the most significant impact on the suspension's ZP, followed by Chitason (CH), with MgO having the least impact. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this analysis in determining the optimum ZP value for various solutions prepared from different biomaterial particle

Performance of polyacrylamide as drag reduction polymer of crude petroleum flow

The influence of polyacrylamide (PAM) as drag reducing polymer on flow of Iraqi crude oil in pipe lines was investigated in the present work. The effect additive concentration, pipe diameter, solution flow rate and the presence of radius elbows on the percentage of drag reduction (%Dr) and the amount of flow increases (%FI) were the variables of study. Maximum drag reduction was 40.64% which was obtained with 50 ppm of PAM polymer flowing in straight pipes of 0.0508 m I.D. The dimensional analysis was used for grouping the significant quantities into dimensionless group to reduce the number of variables. The results showed good agreement between the observed drag reduction percent values and the predicted ones with high value of correlation coefficient

Sunlight assisted photocatalytic mineralization of organic pollutants over rGO impregnated TiO2 nanocomposite: Theoretical and experimental study

In this work, the spectrum and electrochemical characterization of prepared rGO incorporated TiO2 photocatalyst was carried out and it activity was investigated under direct sunlight for the degradation of Congo Red (CR) and tricloroacetic acid pollutant. The chemical structural, morphology and spectral properties of catalysts were characterized utilizing X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-photoelectron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) respectively. The TiO2 catalyst with different loading rGO from 1% to 10%, showed higher photoactivity as compared to pure TiO2. Efforts were made to connect the improvement activity of rGO loaded TiO2 with spectrum and electrochemical properties. At lower incorporating (1%rGO), the improvement photodegradation was assign to the excited trap of electrons, while the electron trap and synergic effect between rGO and TiO2 played the main role in higher loading. The electrochemical properties of rGO loading TiO2 were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The determination of intermediates and investigation of the released anions appeared the supporting of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in degradation process. This study showed that 2,4-dichorophenoxy acetic acid degrades at a higher rate than congo red. The photodegradation mechanism of dyes under sunlight was studied by LC-Mass and the scavenger effect. Under sunlight, the photodegradation of congo red and tricloroacetic acid using pure and rGO incorporated TiO2 was adjusted at normal conditions with excellent efficiency

Apricot juice as green corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in phosphoric acid

The corrosion protection of mild steel in 1 M H3PO4 solution by apricot juice was studied at different temperatures by weight loss technique. Adsorption, activation and statistical studies were addressed in this work. Adsorption studies showed that inhibitor adsorbed on metal surface according to Langmuir isotherm. Average value of heat of adsorption was −14.93 kJ/mol indicates a spontaneous physical adsorption on metal surface. Activation parameters did not changed with addition of inhibitor indicates that there is no change in reaction mechanism. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also applied. This analysis showed that the corrosion rate influenced by temperature, inhibitor concentration and combined interaction of them

Yield Optimization for The Extraction of Organic Compounds from Okra Leaves Wastes

An important area of research is the extraction of organic chemicals from plants and herbs. Considering the fact that the extracts have numerous commercial and pharmacological uses. Furthermore, limiting the optimal working region is made easier by employing an appropriate experimental design. Solvent extraction is the technique most frequently used to separate organic components from plants. However, the conditions of extracting solvent that is utilized greatly affects the yields of the extract and, as a result, the organic activities of the plant parts. This research deals with the extraction of solid organic compounds from the okra leaves using water as a solvent. A Soxhlet apparatus was used for the extraction process. The influence of extraction time, solvent volume, and okra powder mass on the yield percentage was optimized. Two mathematical models were suggested: second-order polynomials and power models. A higher correlation coefficient was obtained with the polynomial model. The maximum extraction yield was obtained at optimum values of 200.3 min, 29.07 g, and 290.7 ml for time, okra powder mass, and solvent volume, respectively. It is evident from mathematical formulas that the impact of time was less significant than the effects of solvent volume and powder mass. On the other hand, the power model and the second-order quadratic interaction model had correlation coefficients of 0.4849 and 0.9707, respectively

Xanthium strumarium leaves extracts as a friendly corrosion inhibitor of low carbon steel in hydrochloric acid: Kinetics and mathematical studies

Corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel in 1 M HCl was investigated in absence and presence of Xanthium strumarium leaves (XSL) extracts as a friendly corrosion inhibitor. The effect of temperature and inhibitor concentration was studied using weight loss method. The result obtained shown that Xanthium strumarium leaves extracts act as an inhibitor for low carbon steel in HCl and reduces the corrosion rate. The inhibition efficiency was found to increases with increase in inhibitor concentration and temperature. Higher inhibition efficiency was 94.82% at higher level of inhibitor concentration and temperature. The adsorption of Xanthium strumarium leaves extracts was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The values of the free energy of adsorption was more than −20 kJ/mol, which is indicative of mixed mode of physical and chemical adsorption. Keywords: Corrosion, Green inhibitor, Natural extracts, Low carbon steel, Acid, Adsorptio