Характер клинических проявлений ожогов глаз у пациентов с различным фенотипом ацетилирования при нормализованном внутриглазном давлении

PURPOSE: To study the character of clinical manifestations of ocular burns in patients with normal IOP and different acetylation phenotypes (APh).METHODS: We examined 103 patients with ocular burns (141 eyes) during their primary visit to the Republican Clinical Eye Hospital of the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan, on different time-points during therapy (on days 2, 5, 7, 12 after the beginning of treatment) and then during an active clinical examination 30 days and 4 months after discharge. 44 patients were examined 1-2 years after suffering a burn injury in order to identify the later post-burn complications and their interpretation according to the patient’s APh. 52 (69 eyes) patients out of 103 examined patients (141 affected eyes) had a slow acetylation phenotype (SA) and 51 patients (72 eyes) — a fast acetylation phenotype (FA).RESULTS: The results of these studies allow us to assert that patients with SA phenotype develop deeper ocular burns, with eye tissue damages less prone to treatment than in FA patients, where less pronounced changes lead to faster process normalization. APh determines the course of the manifestations, their severity and risk of complications in ocular burns patients. Fast acetylation phenotype may serve as a prognostic marker of faster pathological changes regression in ocular tissues, whereas the slow acetylation phenotype suggests the development of more severe disease forms, often requiring a prolonged and complex therapy. ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить характер клинического течения поражения глаза при химических ожогах в зависимости от фенотипа ацетилирования (ФА) при нормализованном внутриглазном давлении (ВГД).МЕТОДЫ. Были обследованы 103 больных с ожогами глаз (141 глаз): при первичном обращении, на этапах терапии (2, 5, 7, 12 сутки от момента обращения в клинику) и при активной диспансеризации в сроки 30 дней и 4 мес. после выписки. Через 1-2 года после перенесенной ожоговой травмы с целью выявления поздних послеожоговых осложнений и их интерпретации с учетом ФА также были обследованы 44 пациента. Из общего числа 103 обследованных лиц (141 пораженный глаз) — 52 (69 глаз) больных были с медленным типом фенотипа ацетилирования (МА) и 51 больной (72 глаза) — с быстрым типом ацетилирования (БА).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Результаты проведенных исследований позволяют утверждать, что при ожогах глаз при МА развиваются более глубокие, тяжело поддающиеся лечению деструктивные нарушения в тканях глаза, при БА — менее выраженные изменения, которые в дальнейшем быстрее приводят к нормализации процесса. ФА определяет характер течения, тяжесть и риск развития осложнений при ожогах глаз. БА может служить прогностическим маркером к более быстрой регрессии патологических изменений в тканях глаза, МА предполагает к развитию более тяжелых форм с затяжным и осложненным течением, трудно поддающихся традиционной терапии.

Нейробиохимические критерии диагностики глазного ишемического синдрома

PURPOSE: To investigate abnormalities of neurospecific protein S-100 level in patients with ocular ischemic syndrome. METHODS: The material included 28 people aged 59 to 79 years. Control group consisted of 10 volunteers without ophthalmic symptoms, main group (Group 2) consisted of 18 patients with ocular ischemic syndrome. Neurospecific protein level was determined by means of chemiluminescence immunoassay in blood serum and lacrimal fluid by an automatic electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer Cobas e 411 («Roche Diagnostics», Switzerland). The amount of protein in the fluid up to 0.105 mmol/l was considered a normal value. RESULTS: The study established that the levels of S-100 in the control group were 0.0914±0.0012 mmol/l in lacrimal fluid and 0.0712±0.0021 mmol/l in blood serum, which was within normal range. In the main group lacrimal levels of S-100 protein were increased in 18 patients and averaged 5.871±0.027 mmol/l (pЦЕЛЬ. Изучение нарушения уровня нейроспецифического белка S-100 при глазном ишемическом синдроме (ГИС). МЕТОДЫ. Материалом послужили данные 28 человек в возрасте от 59 до 79 лет. Контрольную группу составили 10 добровольцев без офтальмологической симптоматики, основная группа (2 группа) состояла из 18 пациентов с ГИС. Количество нейроспецифического белка определялось с помощью хемилюминесцентного иммуноанализа в сыворотке крови (СК) и слезной жидкости (СЖ) на автоматическом электрохемилюминесцентном иммуноанализаторе Cobas e 411 («Roche Diagnostics», Швейцария). Нормальными показателями считали количество белка в жидкости до 0,105 ммоль/л. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. По результатам исследования было выявлено, что у больных контрольной группы показатели белка S-100 в СЖ составили 0,0914±0,0012 ммоль/л, в СК - 0,0712±0,0021 ммоль/л, что было в пределах нормы. У больных основной группы показатели данного белка в СЖ были повышены у всех больных и составили в среднем 5,871±0,027 ммоль/л (

Effect of structural defects on anomalous ultrasound propagation in solids during second-order phase transitions

The effect of structural defects on the critical ultrasound attenuation and ultrasound velocity dispersion in Ising-like three-dimensional systems is studied. A field-theoretical description of the dynamic effects of acoustic-wave propagation in solids during phase transitions is performed with allowance for both fluctuation and relaxation attenuation mechanisms. The temperature and frequency dependences of the scaling functions of the attenuation coefficient and the ultrasound velocity dispersion are calculated in a two-loop approximation for pure and structurally disordered systems, and their asymptotic behavior in hydrodynamic and critical regions is separated. As compared to a pure system, the presence of structural defects in it is shown to cause a stronger increase in the sound attenuation coefficient and the sound velocity dispersion even in the hydrodynamic region as the critical temperature is reached. As compared to pure analogs, structurally disordered systems should exhibit stronger temperature and frequency dependences of the acoustic characteristics in the critical region.Comment: 7 RevTeX pages, 4 figure

Effect of Preheating on Mechanical Properties of Different Commercially Available Dental Resin Composites

Background: This study aimed to reveal the effect of preheating on the surface microhardness and shear strength of composite materials used in the restoration of posterior teeth. Methods and Results: There were 3 composite materials under the study: Estelite Posterior, Harmonize and Filtek Z550. To make static and dynamic tests of them, 120 filling samples were prepared. Of those, 60 samples were for surface hardness measurements and 60 samples were used to evaluate the shear strength of composite materials. We formed 12 study groups with 10 filling samples in each. Samples made off Estelite Posterior, Harmonize™, and Filtek™ were designated with E, H, and F capital letters, respectively; the "VH" abbreviation indicated static Vickers hardness testing and "SS" was assigned for dynamic shear testing; mark (°) was used when preheating was applied. Filling samples were made of heated (up to 60°C) and room-temperature (23-25°C) composite materials. The filling samples of EVH, EºVH, HVH, HºVH, FVH, and FºVH groups were subjected to a surface microhardness test. The samples of ESS, EºSS, HSS, HºSS, FSS, and FºSS groups were subjected to shear-strength assessment of materials. The surface microhardness of filling samples was measured using a ПMT-3 Vickers hardness tester and the Vickers hardness number (VHN) was calculated. Dynamic tests were carried out using an UltraTester machine (Ultradent, Inc., USA) and shear test method until the shear-strength (SS) filling sample had completely failed. After analysis of the obtained results, it was found that preheating had enhanced the surface hardness and mechanical strength of the composite materials used in the study. However, the positive influence of preheating was significant only in the EVH-EºVH, ESS-EºSS, HSS-HºSS, and FSS-FºSS groups in 1.21, 1.09, 1.33, and 1.16 times, respectively. In the HVH-HºVH and FVH-FºVH groups, the identified differences were not of significance despite the improvement in mean values at 1.08 and 1.1 times. Conclusion: Preheating of light-curing resin-based composites is not equally effective for static and dynamic mechanical properties of materials for dental restoration. Preliminary laboratory tests could have helped before their clinical use

SPECIFIC MARKER OF NEURODEGENERATION IN OPTIC NEURITIS DIAGNOSING

Aim. To assess prognostic value of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in blood serum and tear fluid in optic neuritis (ON).Patients and methods. ON patients as well as healthy persons were examined. Group I included 27 patients (27 eyes) with acute ON. Group II included 23 patients (23 eyes) with ON and continuing optic nerve atrophy. Group III (controls) included 10 healthy persons (20 eyes). NSE levels in tear fluid and blood serum were measured using electrochemical luminescence immune analyzer Cobas-e-411.Results. In group I, NSE levels in tear fluid and blood serum averaged 0.81±0.15 and 13.67±1.44 ng/mL, respectively. In group II, NSE level in tear fluid was 24.86±3.84 ng/mL (on average) while its blood serum level was within normal limits. In controls, NSE levels in tear fluid and blood serum were within normal limits (15.7±0.2 and 16.8±0.12 ng/mL, respectively).Conclusions. In group I, NSE level in tear fluid was 19‑fold less than normal (р < 0.05). It appears to be due to the activation of hypoxia and anaerobic glycolysis in neurons. In group II, NSE level in tear fluid was 1.43‑fold higher than normal (р < 0.05). This may be due to neuronal degeneration and progressive death with NSE release from damaged neurons into the cellular matrix

ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF COMPLEX TREATMENT OF OPTIC NEURITIS BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE TRACTOGRAPHY

Purpose. To study the efficacy of complex treatment for optic neuritis using neuroprotectors according to magnetic resonance (MR) tractography findings.Material and methods. The study included 23 patients (31 eyes) with optic neuritis. They were divided into two groups of patients depending on the type of treatment. The control group consisted of 11 patients (15 eyes), who received a standard conservative therapy: anti-inflammatory, decongestants, desensitizing therapy. The patients of the main group (12 patients, 16 eyes) in addition to the above complex, received Cerebrolysin intravenously 10.0ml in 10ml of saline solution during 10 days, then Gliatilin (choline alfoscerate) in tablets 0.4gr 3 times per day for 2 months. The standard ophthalmic methods and special investigation methods were performed in all patients. The MR tractography was carried out using the magnetic resonance imaging BRIVO-355/1.5 Tesla GE (USA).Results. On admission to the hospital the visual acuity of the patients in both groups averaged 0.23±0.14, the total limit of visual field (TLVF) was mean 324.0±6.8є. As a result of performed therapy the main group of patients showed an increase in visual acuity up to 0.59±0.05 (p<0.05). In the control group the visual acuity was 0.38±0.04, which although were higher than basic data, but not statistically authentic. In the control group, the TLVF 1 month after the treatment increased in comparison with the initial data 1.17 times and was mean 382.4±7.2є. Dynamics of indices of the TLVF in the main group 1 month after the combined treatment with neuroprotectors showed an mean improvement 48.2±6.4є (increase of 1.54 times). After the performed therapy in the control group 7 patients preserved thinning in fibers of optic radiation, some rupture of fiber filaments of occipital forceps at the site of attachment to optic radiation were observed in 3 patients. In the main group after the neuroprotective therapy the relationship of the fibers of the optic tract was restored in 8 patients. Thinned fibers of occipital forceps at the site of attachment to the optic radiation was visualized within the norm after the treatment.Conclusion. 1. Method of magnetic resonance tractography allows to visualize non-invasively pathways of white matter and to assess an extent of their damage in inflammatory diseases of the optic nerve and tract. Changes on the MR tractography images indicate a damage in fibers from the optic tracts to the optic radiation, reflecting the degree of damage in different levels of the visual system. 2. Changes on MR tractography images in patients with optic neuritis can serve as objective criteria to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment method

Comparative Analysis of in vitro Performance of Total-Etch and Self-Etch Adhesives

The aim of the study was in vitro assessment of shear bond strength and micro-leakage after application of total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: Four adhesive systems were chosen for assessment of adhesion performance: Contax (DMG, GmbH), Bond Force (Tokuyama Dental Corp. Japan Mfr), Te-Econom Bond (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) and Swisstec SL Bond (Coltene, Switzerland). The assessment of bond strength was performed on 20 tooth samples, which were prepared in accordance with the UltraTest technique for shear bond strength (SBS) estimation. The test was conducted at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min and results were fixed in kilograms. The assessment of SBS was performed on enamel and dentin separately. Microleakage assessment of self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems was performed on 20 extracted non-carious upper human premolars with immersion in 1% methylene blue solution after thermocycling. Results: Good SBS results and microleakage values on the dentin substrate were obtained after application of the Contax self-etch bonding agent. But the values of bond strength to enamel and the extent of dye penetration within the composite-enamel interface were still better with the total-etch approach